Chapter 2 Flashcards
Counsellor personal qualities
.maturity, empathy, warmth.not easily upset, ability to laugh.caring (altruistic in spirit), not for benefit of self.curiosity/inquisitiveness - in people.ability to listen - and to find it stimulating.comfort with conversation.emotional intelligence/insightfulness.introspection.tolerance for intimacy - sustain emotional closeness.self-control!.responsible with power.ability to meet personal needs OUTSIDE of work.spontaneous/creative.self-awareness
Negative motivators for becoming a counsellor
.emotional distress - unresolved personal traumas.vicarious coping -living your life through others.loneliness/isolation - satisfies social needs through clients.desire for power - b/c otherwise feel powerless outside of being counsellor.need for love or being wanted (most common things that gets in the way).vicarious rebellion (rebelling through others’ negative actions)
How important is personality of counsellor in treatment outcomes?
.recent meta-analysis found that personality of counsellor accounted for more of the variability in outcome than did treatment factors themselves!
wounded healer
been through something difficult emotionally, and recovered or resolved the problem.more sensitive to someone else going through the problem
counsellors rated as highly effective rated high on which personality traits? ineffective scored high on? other factors?
effective: highest on social and artisticineffective: highest on realistic and conventionalother factors like gender/age/education not found statistically significant!
burn-out
definition: “emotionally/physically drained to the point that one cannot perform functions meaningfully”.develop a….negative self concept..negative job attitude..loss of concern, compassion, feeling for others.the single most common personal consequence of working as a counsellor (39%)!
burn-out avoidance strategies
.attend counselling.stress reduction strategies like mindfulness.working with other committed colleagues in organization.engage in self-assessment (identifying stressors/relaxers).reduce/modify environmental stressors.assess roles/expectations/beliefs..being realistic, not everyone will like you!.associate with healthy individuals.attitude of detached concern..you don’t own the client’s challenges.attitude of hope.balancing lifestyle
levels of helping
.nonprofessional..friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers, supervisors….generalist human services workers (paraprofessionals)..some formal training, usually work as part of a team (youth workers, distress line volunteers).professional helpers..specific education, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, marriage/family therapists
psychiatrists vs psychologists vs social workers
psychiatrists.get MD, complete residency, work with major psychological disorders.schooled in biomedical model, prescribe medications and evaluate the results.clients called patientspsychologists.PhD, EdD, PsyD.study counselling standards, ethics, theories, research, assessment.have practicumssocial workers.work in social agencies.negotiate social systems for clients and advocate for change.provide social services
CCPA master’s program accreditation reqsCPA doctoral programs?
.CCPA accredits master’s programs in Canada counselling-related, this is not required however.must meet outlined core competencies, e.g. ethics, group counselling….500 hours practicum total.progress systematically reviewed.CPA accredits PhD programs, only 4 in Canada right now
what is attribution?
what the counsellor attributes the cause of a client’s problem
counsellor attribution model: medical
Medical model.Clients are not responsible for either causing the problem or providing the solution, the counsellor is the expert that provides the necessary interventions for change.Disadvantage: clients can become dependent. No ownership on whether they get better or not. They either have a good doctor or they don’t..Advantage: reduced stigma and blame
counsellor attribution model: moral model
Moral model.Clients are responsible for causing and solving their own problems. Counsellor motivates and encourages clients.Disadvantage: victims if circumstances can be held responsible for their victimization.Advantage: client can be empowered
counsellor attribution model: compensatory model
Compensatory modelClients not responsible for causing their problems, but are responsible for improving or solving them. Counsellor collaborates with client and provides skills and opportunities.Disadvantage: Client may feel pressure to continually solve problems they did not createAdvantage: reduced stigma & increase empowerment
counsellor attribution model: enlightenment model
Enlightenment modelClients responsible for problems, but not responsible for solving them, counsellor to provide solutions (enlightenment!)Disadvantage: promotes dependence and disempowermentAdvantage: some reduced stigma for help seeking
systems of counselling: developmental/wellness approach
developmental.counselling based on stages of development..behaviors appropriate at one stage may not be at anotherwellness.individuals seen as having the resources to solve their own problems.helping clients identify strengths and build on them.problems not evidence of an underlying pathology
systems of counselling: medical/pathological model
.Human nature represented by those who base treatment plans in accordance to the DSM.Five axes to describe clinical diagnoses..1 - diagnosis..2 - diagnostic info on personality disorders/mental limitations..3 - general medical conditions..4 - psychosocial/environment problems (unemployed)..5 - global assessment of functioning (higher better).Controversial systemic model. Why?..Very deficit focused.controversial yet helpful for counsellors to know.universally used, provides common dialogue between counsellors and other specialists.can use to recognize patterns of distress to refer to other professionals.by learning, counsellors establish accountability, credibility, etc.
CEUs
continuing education units.psychologists/social workers must obtain continuing education units to continue being licensed
supervision
interactive/evaluative process in which someone with more proficiency oversees work of someone with less knowledge.required area of instruction in all CPA-accredited doctoral programs.supervisors with novices more authoritarian.with advanced grad students, more confrontive and consultative
Prieto and Scheel’s STIPS acronym
for organizing and structuring thinking about a cause.S - signs and symptoms.T - topics discussed in counselling.I - interventions used.P - clients’ progress and counsellors’ continuing plan for treatment.S - any special issues of importance regarding clients (suicidality)
realities of supervision
.many theoretical models of supervision, not just one.developmental level of supervisee assessed and written plan of realistic goals.significant relationship between supervisor’s credibility, and supervisee’s performance.can last for years, and many issues come up like transference, countertransference, anxiety, resistance addressed as happens
advocacy
promoting an idea or cause through public relations.support client concerns and the profession of counselling.working through the political process, laws that affect counsellors and clients.know rules for effective communication with legislators
what is a career in counselling like?
.73% in health care/social assistance.21% in educational services.7% in public administration..often work in clinics/hospitals, correctional centres, mental health facilities, community service organizations, business, schools/universities, govt, private practice.counselling psychs most often found in schools/universities and community service organizations.recommend charge $170 per hour
