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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system is the system of what?

A

System of immunity

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2
Q

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

A

returns fluids that leaked from blood vessels back to blood

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3
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Network of lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes

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4
Q

what are lymphatic vessels also called

A

lymphatics

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5
Q

what are lymphatic vessels similar to?

A

more like veins

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6
Q

what is lymphs

A

fluid in the vessels

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7
Q

what is lymph similar to?

A

Similar to blood in circulatory system

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8
Q

what do lymph nodes do?

A

cleanse lymph

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9
Q

what is a major difference between circulatory and lymphatic system?

A

circulatory system does not have filters, but lymphatic system does-lymph nodes

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10
Q

what do the lymphoid organs and tissues do?

A

provide structural basis of immune system, house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

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11
Q

are the lymphoid structures visible in dissection?

A

most are very small and not visible

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12
Q

what are phagocytic cells

A

cells that eat other things

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13
Q

what structures are included in the lymphatic system

A

spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, other lymphoid tissues

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14
Q

what are the lymphoid organs and tissues apart of?

A

MALT system

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15
Q

what is the MALT system?

A

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue which includes many structures

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16
Q

what do lymphatic vessels do?

A

return interstial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to blood

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17
Q

what is interstitial fluid?

A

surrounds the cells

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18
Q

how much fluid is in the lymphatic vessels per day

A

3L

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19
Q

What is the interstitial fluid called once in enters the lymphatics?

A

called lymph

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20
Q

The lymphatic system transports large or small molecules?

A

Big

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21
Q

What is a con to the lymphatic transport system?

A

The system will transport proteins and lipids, but it can also transport viruses and bacteria

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22
Q

What type of system is the Lymphatic system-specifically referring to the vessels?

A

One way system

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23
Q

where does the lymph flow?

A

towards the heart

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24
Q

what do the lymphatic vessels include?

A

Lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks and ducts

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25
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries not found

A

bones, teeth, bone marrow, CNS- mostly places where fluid is not common

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26
Q

what are lacteals

A

specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

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27
Q

where are the lacteals located in the intestinal mucosa

A

within the villi of the intestines

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28
Q

what do the lacteals do

A

absorbs digested fat and delivers fatty lymph chyle to the blood

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29
Q

what is chyle

A

lymph fluid

30
Q

what are lymphatic collecting vessels similar to?

A

veins

31
Q

why are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins?

A

thinner walls, more internal valves, anastomose more frequently

32
Q

where are the lymphatic collecting vessels located

A

travel with superficial veins

33
Q

where do deep lymphatic collecting vessels travel

A

with the arteries, more internally

34
Q

where do lymphatic collecting vessels get nutrients from

A

branching vasa vasorum

35
Q

what are the vasa vasorum

A

lymphatic circulatory system

36
Q

what do lymphatic trunks form from

A

form from union of largest collecting ducts

37
Q

where are the lymphatic trunks in the body

A

paired lumbar
paired bronchomediastinal paired subclavian
paired jugular trunks
single intestinal trunks

38
Q

where is lymph delivered

A

into 1 of 2 large lymphatic ducts

39
Q

what are the two lymphatic ducts

A

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

40
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct do

A

drains right upper arm and right side of head and thorax

41
Q

what does the thoracic duct do?

A

arises as cisterna chyli drains rest of body

42
Q

what are cisterna chyli

A

lower lumbar area

43
Q

where do the lymphatic ducts empty

A

empties lymph into venous circulation at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins on it own side of body

44
Q

is the separation between left and right side of lymphatic system even

A

no, does not divide evenly

45
Q

Are we born with lymphatic organs

A

yes, but not everyone keeps them

46
Q

when is the thymus most active

A

when we are born, shrivels as you grow

47
Q

what does thymus do

A

puts lot of immune cells into our system

48
Q

what does spleen do

A

filtering organ

49
Q

peyers patches do what

A

filter things that we either breathe in or eat

50
Q

does the appendix have a function

A

to some degree

51
Q

how many lymph nodes do we have

A

we have a couple hundred lymph nodes in our body

52
Q

what do lymph nodes do?

A

filter lymph, immune system activation

53
Q

what happens when lymph is filtered

A

macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris

54
Q

what are macrophages

A

big eaters, part of WBC army

55
Q

what happens during immune system activation

A

lymphocytes activated and mount against antigens

56
Q

what are antigens

A

indentifying proteins that signal

57
Q

what does a lymph node look like

A

varys in shape and size but usually bean shaped

58
Q

what do lymph nodes have externally

A

external fibrous capsule composed of connective tissue

59
Q

what is insie the lymph node

A

trabeculae

60
Q

what are the trabeculae

A

extend inward and divide node into compartments for increasing surface area

61
Q

what are the 2 regions of the lymph node

A

cortex and medulla

62
Q

what does the cortex of the lymph node have

A

contains follicles with germinal centers and heavy with dividing B cells

63
Q

what are B cells

A

B stands for bone, talking about where they were forred, formed from bone tissue

64
Q

what encapsulates the follicles in lymph nodes

A

dendritic cells

65
Q

what does the cortex in the lymph node have

A

houses T cells in transit

66
Q

what are T cells

A

formed from thymus

67
Q

what do the T cells in the lymph nodes do?

A

T cells circulate continuously among blood, lymph nodes and lymph

68
Q

In a lymph node what extends from the cortex

A

medullary cords extend inward from cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma

69
Q

what is a lymph sinus

A

contains macrophages

70
Q

what type of sinuses do lymph nodes have

A

lymph sinuses

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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