Chapter 20 Flashcards
What occurred in the first exclusion parliament and how did Charles II respond
- Parliament’s aim was to protect themselves in case of a Catholic heir, instead of just outrightly excluding James II from the throne
- Charles II’s priority was to jsut protect him and his brothers position to become heir
- And wary of Monmouth, he dissolved parliament
What side were the Whigs on, in the exclusion crisis, and name 2 methods they used to demonstrate their views on the exclusion and how significant those methods were
Supported the exclusion
Petitions
- Despite having 16K signatures, was unsuccessful due to having no real validity
Pamphlets
- 200 exclusion pamphlets were made which attacked James II and spread anti Catholic messages
Plots
- Oates Popish plot, although it caused hysteria, by 83’ belief in the conspiracy collapsed as Oates was arrested
Prosecutions
- Attempts to prosecute James as a recusant , but Charles dissolved the jury
Processions
- Celebrating the ascension of Elizabeth 1st and the failure of the Catholic gunpowder plot
What side were the Tories on, in the exclusion crisis, and name a method they used to demonstrate their views on the exclusion and how significant those methods were
Against the exclusion
Pamphlets
- Roger L’Estrange publicised the Tory argument against the exclusion, with 64,000 copies of his work.
Newspapers
- Government controlled London Gazette and Charles produced a declaration attacking Whigs for their radical organisation
Others
- Poems and playing cards were made to support the Tory cause
What occurred in the Second Exclusion Parliament and what year did it occur
In 80’, Parliament offered £600K to Charles II for the exclusion, and said they wont give him any more money until he accepts the exclusion.
- he just dissolved it
What occurred in the Third (Oxford) Exclusion Parliament and what year did it occur
In 81’, called in oxford due to it being a loyalist area, Charles was then able to beat the exclusion
- In need of money he agreed a secret deal with Louis XIV where he agreed to Louis XIV to dissolve parliament by receiving 40K and 120K yearly.
- Charles then dissolved the parliament
Name 3 reasons why the exclusion failed
Charles’ finance
- Parliament had nothing over him anymore, after he secured funds from Louis XIV
Conservativism of the Lords and Church
- The Exclusion Bills would never pass the conservative Lords
Charles’ prerogative powers
- Charles was able to use his power to dissolve and delay parliaments to stop the exclusion bills
Radicalism of Exclusion
- The exclusion bills called for James to be subject to a harsh punishments if he tried to take the crown
Limited Whig support
- There was a huge chunk of MPs who were moderates and didn’t vote; only a small number of MPs supported the exclusion crisis
Describe James II character and how did it make him weak
He was Charles 1st, authotrarian and inflexible
- His position was weak as he was very openly catholic
- He wanted to improve the position of Catholics and repeal penal laws against Catholics and Dissenters
What occurred in the 1685 rebellions and what was the result
- Earl of Argyll in Scotland led an uprising against James, but it failed and James decided to appoint Catholics in position of power to assert control
- Monmouth started a rebellion against James, but failed and was executed
What occurred in James II first parliament, and what year did it occur
In 85’, Parliament gave James II an income of £2 million and extended his army to 20,000
- James appointed 90 catholic army officers
- this angered Parliament as they feared the officers would solely be loyal to him
- James just decided to end the parliament
What occurred in the Godden vs Hales case in 86’
A test case of James’ power to allow Catholics to be in offices of power.
- Before the trial, James removed 6 judges so the judgement would be in his favour
How was Catholicism attempted to be enforced in Ireland
Charles appointed Tyrconnel as his lieutenant general
-Tyrconnel remodelled the Irish army so the army was mostly catholic.
- Tyrconnel also forced Protestants to give up half their land
How was Catholicism attempted to be enforced in Scotland by James II
James II proclaimed freedom of private ownership for Catholics and Quakers
What was the Declaration of indulgence and when was it made.
(enforced by James II)
The complete toleration and right of office for Catholics
In 87’
What occurred in the James II second parliament
James II tried to repeal the test and penal laws
- he purged local governments and office holders
