Chapter 2 Part 1 Models of Development

Question 1

Life Span Perspective

Answer 1

continuity of development, development occurs from childhood to old age

Question 2

Developmental Science

Answer 2

increased focus on multiple factors in development, need to look at multiple factors

Question 3

Contextual Influences

Answer 3

Life span changes are a function of nature and nurture

Question 4

Organismic Model

Answer 4

Heredity and genetics
We are programmed to exhibit certain behaviours
(contrasts with mechanistic model)

Question 5

Mechanistic Model

Answer 5

Environment
Watson
Behaviour changes because gradually shaped by outside forces, adapting to the environment

Question 6

Interactionist Model

Answer 6

Genetics and environment both play a role (interact)
Most accurate
Nature and Nurture

Question 7

Niche-picking

Interactionist Model

Answer 7

How we choose our environments, trying new things, changing interests.
some genetic pre-disposition

Question 8

Plasticity

Interactionist Model

Answer 8

Our course of development can be altered depending on our interactions with our environment.
Not set in stone

Question 9

Reciprocity Principle

Answer 9

People are influenced and influence the events in their life. This means we impact our environment and our environment impacts us)
ex- smiling back at someone
(Reciprocity means mutual benefit, exchange)

Question 10

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory and its role in Development

Answer 10

• Generativity vs. Stagnation Stage (ages 30-65)
• Epigenetic Principle: a stage approach that is in pre destined order BUT people may experience a psychosocial issue at a different age.

Question 11

Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory and Aging

Answer 11

• We gain knowledge about the world using schemas
• Schema: mental structure to understand the world
• Assimilation: Using existing schemas to further understand the world
• Accommodation- changes to schemes to accommodate new experiences
• Post formal thought

Question 12

Identity Process Theory

Answer 12

Identity continues to change overtime

1. Identity - your favourable view of the self
2. Threshold Experience - normal changes, illness
3. a. Identity Accommodation- changing your view of self to accommodate change
   b. Identity Balance - maintain sense of self and make minor changes
   c. Identity Assimilation- Don’t make any changes to self

Question 13

Multiple Threshold Model

Answer 13

• Series of Thresholds (physical and cognitive changes from aging can be seen as occurring thorough a sequence of phases overtime, or a set of “Multiple Thresholds”)
• Want Identity Balance (To attain identity balance you have to accept a shift and adjust to the new changes, assimilation and accommodation, healthy vs unhealthy denial, individuality is important

Question 14

Selective Optimization With Compensation Model (SOC)

Answer 14

1. Select - choose areas of focus (what is important to you)
2. Optimize - maximize performance in the chosen areas
3. Compensate- Make up for losses in one area with gains in another