Chapter 1 Studying Adult Development and Aging

Question 1

Biological Forces Of Development

Answer 1

Genetics and Health Factors

Example- wrinkling, menopause

Question 2

Chronological Age

Answer 2

Time since birth, Your actual age

Question 3

Biological Age

Answer 3

Functional Age , How well your vital systems function

Question 4

Psychological Age

Answer 4

Your ability to adapt to the changing environmental demands around you

Question 5

Sociocultural /Social Age

Answer 5

Set of roles individuals adopt in relation to other members of society and culture

Question 6

Subjective/ Perceived Age

Answer 6

How old you feel

Question 7

The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Answer 7

View of development as a complex interaction of biological , psychological and social processes

Question 8

Psychological Forces of Development

Answer 8

Internal perceptual, cognitive, emotion, personality

(thoughts, feelings, behaviours related to growing older

Question 9

Sociocultural Forces of Development

Answer 9

Interpersonal, societal, cultural, ethnic, history

The social context of which we develop up in

Question 10

Life-Cycle Forces of Development

Answer 10

How the same event or combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural forces affect people at different points in life.
Example- grey hair, losing hair, school shootings

Question 11

Four Principles of Adult Development and Aging

Principle 1

Answer 11

Changes are continuous

• Continuity Principle: Changes in life are built on experiences from earlier in life. You cannot erase the past.
• No causal claims

Question 12

Four Principles of Adult Development and Aging

Principle 2

Answer 12

Only the survivors grow old

• Survivor Principle: the people that grow old are the ones that didn’t die from disease of threats In life
• Select group of people
• includes avoiding random life threats or health threats. To grow old you can’t die.

Question 13

Four Principles of Adult Development and Aging

Principle 3

Answer 13

Individuality Matters
- Inter-Individual Differences: With age, increased diversity differences BETWEEN people are magnified. There are cumulative effects of earlier life experiences
- Intra-individual Differences- Variations WITHIN the same individual.
(multi-directionality- development in multiple directions, example- losing and gaining skills over time

Question 14

Four Principles of Adult Development and Aging

Principle 4

Answer 14

Normal Aging is different from disease

• growing older is not growing sicker.
• this is important for physicians to remember when treating older patients so they do not mistake an illness for being old.

Question 15

Primary Aging

Answer 15

Normal aging over time due to intrinsic, universal and progress alterations to body’s systems
example- wrinkling

Question 16

Secondary Aging

Answer 16

Impaired Aging
Changes over time due to disease
example- skin cancer

Question 17

Tertiary Aging

Answer 17

Near death people experience a rapid decline in various functions

Question 18

Optimal Aging

Answer 18

Changing with age that IMPROVE functioning

example- quitting smoking

Question 19

Normative Age-Graded changes

Answer 19

Influence on development (social vs personal aging)
Leads people to choose experiences that their culture and historical period attach to. Certain ages or points in the life span also included
example- puberty , social norms

Question 20

Normative History-Graded

Answer 20

Influence on development (social vs personal aging)
Events that most people in a specific culture experience at the same time
example- Covid

Question 21

Non-Normative

Answer 21

Influence on development (social vs personal aging)
Rare or random events that may be important for a certain individual
example- winning the lottery, getting in a car crash

Question 22

Sex

Answer 22

Influence on Development (Social Factor)

Sex- Biological sex, physical characteristics

Question 23

Gender

Answer 23

Influence on Development (Social Factor)

Gender- Sociocultural, identity

Question 24

Ethnicity

Answer 24

Influence on Development (Social Factor)

Biological and sociocultural influences

Question 25

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 25

Influence on Development (Social Factor)

- education, occupation, income

Question 26

Gini-Coefficient

Answer 26

Influence on Development (Socioeconomic Status)

Percentage of population accounting for wealth

Question 27

Whitehall II Investigation

Answer 27

Influence on Development (Socioeconomic Status)

Survey showing that poor health is not just related to poor health habits

Question 28

Age Pyramids

Answer 28

Influence on Development (Demographics)
There was a bulge in population count from the baby boomers after a dip in population count from world war II. This cause the triangle to turn upside down pyramid

Question 29

Life Expectancy

Answer 29

Influence on Development  (Demographics)
- Life expectancy: the average length of life for people born in a particular time interval
- For Canadians 
Males 79.9
Females 84
Has been increasing since 1900

Question 30

Life Span

Answer 30

Influence on Development (Demographics)

- Life Span: The maximum age for a given species

Question 31

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy

Answer 31

Influence on Development (Demographics)
- The number of years someone cold expect to life in good health
men - 69 women - 70.5

Question 32

Compression of Morbidity Hypothesis

Answer 32

Influence on Development (Demographics)

• less of a societal burden if morbidity is closer to mortality
• want a small gap