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psychology > chapter 2 part 1 (2a 2b and 2c ). > Flashcards

chapter 2 part 1 (2a 2b and 2c ). Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology

A

the scientific study of human mental states and behaviour.

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2
Q

what is the brain and what are its functions.

A

the brain is an organ located in the skull that coordinates behaviour, thoughts and the nervous system activity.

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3
Q

what is the brain vs heart debate

A

a debate on whether the heart or the brain was responsible for central functions including though, emotion and behaviour.

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4
Q

who where on either sides of the brain vs heart debate

A

in ancient Egypt the heart was believed to be the sole source of psychology and wisdom whereas the brain was referred to as a useless organ.

Philosophers believed the brain was the sole source of psychology.

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5
Q

what is dualism

A

a point of view where the mind and heart are separate

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6
Q

what is monism

A

a point of view where the heart and brain are one.

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7
Q

what is phrenology

A

placement of bumps in the skull to see what part of the brain is used the most. It could supposedly tell a persons character and personality.

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8
Q

what is ablation

A

removing or disabling brain tissue to see the effect in behaviour.

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9
Q

what is EBS

A

a mild electric current to stimulate surface area on the brain.

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10
Q

what is an autopsy

A

studying a dead person to maybe try and find the cause of death.

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11
Q

what is a split brain surgery

A

a surgery where the right and left brain hemispheres are separated by cutting the nerve tissue.

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12
Q

what occurs in the left hemisphere of the brain

A

organization of language and comprehension

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13
Q

what occurs in the right hemisphere of the brain

A

comprehension of language

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14
Q

what is neuroimaging

A

techniques used to get images of the brains structure, functions and activities.

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15
Q

what can neuroimaging be used for

A
  • medical reasons

- research

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16
Q

what are the two forms of neuroimaging techniques

A
  • structural techniques

- functional techniques

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17
Q

what are the two forms of structural techniques

A
  • computerized tomography ( CT )

- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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18
Q

what is a CT scan

A

a scan that takes continuous 2 dimensional x-ray images of a persons brain or body to get 2/3 dimensional images

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19
Q

what is a MRI scan

A

a scan that uses magnetic fields and radio fields to take 2/3 dimensional images.

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20
Q

what does the magnetic field do in an MRI scan

A

makes the brains atoms move and organize themselves to send signals.

21
Q

what are the two functional techniques for neuroimaging

A
  • positron emission tomography (PET)

- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

22
Q

what is a PET

A

shows the brains structure and level of activity when performing tasks. it helps to find traces if biochemical change that accompany brain activity. traces glucose level.

23
Q

what is a fMRI

A

a scan showing brain activity by tracing oxygen levels.

24
Q

what is the nervous system

A

a network of cells in the body that allow communicate of information around the body about internal and external environment

25
Q

draw the nervous system structure

A

check one note

26
Q

what is the central nervous system

A

where information from the rest of the body is processed.

-responses are formulated

27
Q

what is the in the central nervous system

A

Brain- responds to information
Spinal cord- where messages are transmitted to. it connects the brain to the peripheral system. sends motor information to the brain and sensory information to the body.

28
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

made up of every nerve in the body outside CNS functions.
Transmits information from the body to the CNS
brings information on how to respond from the CNS to the body.

29
Q

what are the parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system

30
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

a system responsible for voluntary movements and actions

  • transmits information about body sensations to the brain
  • makes the skeletal muscles respond
31
Q

what are the two messages in the somatic nervous system

A

Sensory messages: send messages on sensation to the brain

Motor messages: messages from the brain to the skeletal muscles which give instructions on how to move.

32
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

a system that initiates responses of the bodies visceral muscles, organs and glands.

  • sends feedback to the brain
  • muscles involved are mostly self regulating
  • can have conscious control over some for example breathing.
33
Q

what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system

- parasympathetic nervous system

34
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system

A

a system that activates bodies visceral organs, muscles and gland to prepare the body for high levels of activity.

  • helps energies the body
  • adaptive responses ( fight-flight response).
35
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

a system that maintains optimal levels of the visceral organs, muscles and glands. Returns the body to homeostasis after a sympathetic response.

36
Q

what is homeostasis

A

all systems are at stable level of functioning.

37
Q

what is a neuron

A

a nerve cell responsible for transmitting, receiving and processing information. This is done in the form of neural messages. They occur in one direction and are carried by one neuron at a time.

  • sent electrochemically
  • when electric current reaches end the chemicals are released and sent tot the next neuron.
38
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

occur when a neuron sends one of the neural messages to another neuron, muscle or gland

39
Q

what is neural reception

A

when a neuron receives messages

40
Q

what are the types of neurons

A
  • motor neurons: communicate information about movement and are sent from CNS to skeletal muscles in PNS
  • sensory neurons: communicate information about body sensations from PNS to CNS.
  • Interneurons: relay neuronal messages between motor and sensory neurons. They communicate with each other. They’re important for cognition and reflex actions.
41
Q

what is a synaptic gap

A

the space between two neurons into which a neuronal message is transmitted.

42
Q

what is a postsynaptic neuron

A

the neuron that receives a message from the synapse

43
Q

what is a presynaptic neuron

A

the neuron that releases a message from the synapse

44
Q

what is a synapse

A

the area in which neurotransmission occurs between two neurons including the sending end of the presynaptic neuron the gap between two neurons and the receiving end of the postsynaptic neuron.

45
Q

what is a dendrite

A

the bushy spine of neuron that receives a message

46
Q

what is an axon

A

the long strand like part of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to the sending end of a neuron

47
Q

what is a myelin

A

the fat and protein substance that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neuron

48
Q

what is an axon terminal

A

the ends of a neuron that release a message into synapse

psychology (13 decks)

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