Chapter 2: Management Learning Flashcards
Define Learning Style
a set of ways through which we like to learn by receiving, processing, and recalling new information
What was Frederick Taylor’s classical management approach?
o Frederick Taylor’s scientific management sought efficiency in job performance
Define scientific management
emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support
Define motion study
the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions
What was Max Weber’s classical management approach?
o Max Weber’s bureaucratic organization is supposed to be efficient and fair
Define bureaucracy
a rational and efficient form of organization founded on logic order and legitimate authority
What are the 5 characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy?
o Clear Division of Labor o Clear Hierarchy of Authority o Formal Rules and Procedures o Impersonality o Careers Based on Merit
What was Henri Fayol’s classical management approach?
o Henri Fayol’s administrative principles describe managerial duties and practices
Define scalar chain principle
states that organizations should operate with clear and unbroken lines of communication top to bottom
Define unity of command principle
states that a worker should receive orders from only one boss
What was Mary Parker Follett’s behavioral management approach?
o Mary Parker Follett viewed organizations as communities of cooperative action
What was Elton Mayo’s behavioral management approach?
The Hawthorne studies focused attention on the human side of organizations
Define Hawthorne Effect
- the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected
What was Abraham Maslow’s behavioral management approach?
o Abraham Maslow described a hierarchy of human needs with self-actualization at the top
Define need
a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisfy
What are the hierarchy of needs from top to bottom?
- Self-actualization needs
- Esteem needs
- Social needs
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
Define progression principle
a need at any level becomes activated only after the next lower-level need is satisfied
Define deficit principle
people act to satisfy needs for which a satisfaction deficit exists; a satisfied need doesn’t motivate behavior
Define Theory X
assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, and prefer to be led
Define Theory Y
assumes people are willing to work accept responsibility, are self-directed and are creative
Define self-fulfilling prophecy
occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm another’s expectations
What was Douglas McGregor’s behavioral management approach?
o Douglas McGregor believed managerial assumptions create self-fulfilling prophecies
What was Chris Argyris’ behavioral management approach?
o Chris Argyris suggests that workers treated as adults will be more productive
Define analytics
the systematic use and analysis of data to solve problems and make informed decisions
Define management science/operations research
apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems
Define open system
transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs
Define subsystem
smaller component of a larger system
Define operations management
the study of how organizations produce goods and services
Define contingency thinking
tries to match management practices with situational demands
Define total quality management
the managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer needs
Define continuous improvement
involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance
Define high-performance organization
consistently achieves excellence while creating a high-quality work environment
Define evidence-based management
involves making decisions based on hard facts about what really works
