Chapter 2 Flashcards
Three achievements in speech in preschool children
Master all phonemes of English by 8
Exhibiting only lingering difficulties with a few of the later developing phonemes (4-5)
Suppression of the phonological processes (3-4)
Definition of vocabulary spurt
An increase in the rate of vocabulary acquisition for a child (after 50 words)
7-9 new words per day
Definition of dysgraphia
And expressive visual language disorder
Phase 2 of Joint Reference and attention
6 months to 1 year
Engages in joint attention
Performs object-focused activities
Makes attempts to communicate with others
Definition of functional competence
The ability to communicate for a variety of purposes in a language
Semantic development
The stage at which children produce two types of semantic errors as they acquire new words
Three communicative milestones of school aged children
Functional flexibility
reading and writing
form refinements
Definition of Vocalizations
That sounds children produce
Definition of Mean length of utterance (MLU)
Measure of the average length of children’s utterances.
Increases systematically with age up to about four years
Definition of infant speech perception
The child’s attention to phonemes, rhythm, prosody, and lexical items
__ -year-old children correctly produce about __% of the sounds they use
2, 70%
Telegraphic speech
When grammatical morphemes first emerge and language results from the omission of key grammatical markers
Three achievements in form for preschool children
Verb morphology
Sentences become more complex
Compound sentences
For major communicative milestones for infancy and toddler hood
Localization
verbalization
prelinguistic stage
linguistic stage
Definition of phonological processes
Simplifications used by children in their phonological productions
Definition of jargon
Infants use this melodic patterns of their native language
Meaningful to infant, but not to listeners
Definition of lexical competence
The ability to recognize and produce the words of a language
Definition of overExtensions
When a child extend the words meeting to widely
Definition of linguistic stage
The stage starts with the child’s first word
Definition of fast mapping
The initial exposure to a word accompanied by the rapid acquisition of a general sense of its meaning
Definition of under extension
The process of when a child does not extend the words meaning widely enough
Definition of discourse competence
The ability to fluently and coherently relay information to others
Three aspects of form refinements in school aged children
Develop complex syntax
Vocab of about 60,000 words
Understanding multiple meanings, lexical ambiguity and figurative language
Definition of sociolinguistic competence
The ability to interpret the social meaning conveyed by the language and to choose language that is socially appropriate
Definition of grammatical morphemes
When a child begins to inflect words with word ending (18 months)
Grapheme- phoneme correspondence
How the letters correspond to speech sounds
Phase 1 of joint reference and attention
Birth to 6 months
Attend to social partners
Receptive to interpersonal interactions
Maintains attention when engaged with others
Four Linguistic aspects of communicative competence
Phonological
grammatical
lexical
discourse
Definition of rituals of infancy
Routines which provide a sense of comfort and predictability to infants and provide early opportunities for language learning
Definition of verbalizations
The words children produce
Lexical development
12-18 months Children acquire an expressive vocabulary of about 50 words (“fifty word stage”)
Definition of interactional competence
The ability to understand and apply rules for interaction in various Communication situations
The greatest area development in preschool children
Verb morphology (adding verb endings to words)
Two criteria of true words
They resemble adult words
they are used consistently by the child
Three common phonological processes
Final consonant deletion (ca for cat) Reduplication (wawa for water) Cluster reduction (tick for stick)
Definition of infant intentionality
The infants ability to express intended meetings
Pointing, gesturing, eye contact
7-12 months
Definition of cooing sounds
Consonant-like sounds, mostly k and g
Definition of prelinguistic stage
This stage preceeds the child’s first word
Definition of grammatical competence
The ability to recognize and produce the syntactic and morphological structures of a language
Three achievements and use for preschool children
Use language for a Greater variety of discourse functions
Becoming adept at turn taking
Develop narrative skills (age 4)
Four foundations of communicative competence
Joint reference and attention
Rituals of infancy
Caregiver responsiveness
Infant speech perception and categorization
Definition of literate language
This term describes language that is highly decontextualized
Definition of phonological competence
The ability to recognize and produce the phonemes of a language
Definition of dyslexia
A receptive visual language disorder
Definition of caregiver responsiveness
Caregivers’ attention and sensitivity to infants’ vocalizations and communicative attempts
Three achievements and content in preschool children
Avg 13,000 learned words
Fast mapping
The move to decontextualized language
Definition of cultural competence
The ability to function effectively in cultural contexts
Definition of Echolalia
Non-meaningful repetitions produced by the infant
Achievement and emergent literacy in preschool children
Children develop print awareness and phonological awareness
Definition of expansion stage
The infant gains more control over articulators
Definition of reflexive sounds
The first sounds produced by infants
Roger brown
14 grammatical morphemes develop in the same order and emerge at the same time and all normally developing English-speaking children
Four pragmatic aspects of communicative competence
Functional
sociolinguistic
interactional
cultural
By __ years old, children have mastered __% of ____.
5, 90%, grammar
Definition of communicative competence
The knowledge and awareness that speakers of a language possess and utilize to communicate effectively in that language
Definition of pragmatic aspects of communicative competence
Aspects of communication that relates to the social context in which the language is used
To achievements and speech for a toddler
Attainment of specific phonemes
phonological logical processes
Phase 3 of joint reference and attention
1 year and beyond
Uses language to communicate intentionally with others
Definition of functional flexibility
The ability to use language for a variety of communicative purposes or functions
Definition of infant categorization
Children separate input into different categories
Ex. Speech sounds vs non speech sounds
Definition of linguistic aspects of communicative competence
Aspects of communication that relate to the nature and structure of language
Definition of receptive lexicon
The words a child can comprehend
Larger than the number of words they can produce
Stages of vocal development
Phonation stage (0-1 month)
Cooing stage (2-3 months)
Expansion stage (4-6 months)
Canonical stage (6+ months)
Variegated stage (9+ months)
Marks the beginning of syntax in a toddler
Starting to produce to word utterances (18 months)
