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Foundations Of Speech Pathology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Three achievements in speech in preschool children

A

Master all phonemes of English by 8

Exhibiting only lingering difficulties with a few of the later developing phonemes (4-5)

Suppression of the phonological processes (3-4)

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2
Q

Definition of vocabulary spurt

A

An increase in the rate of vocabulary acquisition for a child (after 50 words)

7-9 new words per day

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3
Q

Definition of dysgraphia

A

And expressive visual language disorder

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4
Q

Phase 2 of Joint Reference and attention

A

6 months to 1 year

Engages in joint attention
Performs object-focused activities
Makes attempts to communicate with others

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5
Q

Definition of functional competence

A

The ability to communicate for a variety of purposes in a language

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6
Q

Semantic development

A

The stage at which children produce two types of semantic errors as they acquire new words

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7
Q

Three communicative milestones of school aged children

A

Functional flexibility
reading and writing
form refinements

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8
Q

Definition of Vocalizations

A

That sounds children produce

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9
Q

Definition of Mean length of utterance (MLU)

A

Measure of the average length of children’s utterances.

Increases systematically with age up to about four years

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10
Q

Definition of infant speech perception

A

The child’s attention to phonemes, rhythm, prosody, and lexical items

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11
Q

__ -year-old children correctly produce about __% of the sounds they use

A

2, 70%

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12
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

When grammatical morphemes first emerge and language results from the omission of key grammatical markers

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13
Q

Three achievements in form for preschool children

A

Verb morphology

Sentences become more complex

Compound sentences

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14
Q

For major communicative milestones for infancy and toddler hood

A

Localization
verbalization
prelinguistic stage
linguistic stage

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15
Q

Definition of phonological processes

A

Simplifications used by children in their phonological productions

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16
Q

Definition of jargon

A

Infants use this melodic patterns of their native language

Meaningful to infant, but not to listeners

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17
Q

Definition of lexical competence

A

The ability to recognize and produce the words of a language

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18
Q

Definition of overExtensions

A

When a child extend the words meeting to widely

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19
Q

Definition of linguistic stage

A

The stage starts with the child’s first word

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20
Q

Definition of fast mapping

A

The initial exposure to a word accompanied by the rapid acquisition of a general sense of its meaning

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21
Q

Definition of under extension

A

The process of when a child does not extend the words meaning widely enough

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22
Q

Definition of discourse competence

A

The ability to fluently and coherently relay information to others

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23
Q

Three aspects of form refinements in school aged children

A

Develop complex syntax

Vocab of about 60,000 words

Understanding multiple meanings, lexical ambiguity and figurative language

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24
Q

Definition of sociolinguistic competence

A

The ability to interpret the social meaning conveyed by the language and to choose language that is socially appropriate

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25
Q

Definition of grammatical morphemes

A

When a child begins to inflect words with word ending (18 months)

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26
Q

Grapheme- phoneme correspondence

A

How the letters correspond to speech sounds

27
Q

Phase 1 of joint reference and attention

A

Birth to 6 months

Attend to social partners
Receptive to interpersonal interactions
Maintains attention when engaged with others

28
Q

Four Linguistic aspects of communicative competence

A

Phonological
grammatical
lexical
discourse

29
Q

Definition of rituals of infancy

A

Routines which provide a sense of comfort and predictability to infants and provide early opportunities for language learning

30
Q

Definition of verbalizations

A

The words children produce

31
Q

Lexical development

A

12-18 months Children acquire an expressive vocabulary of about 50 words (“fifty word stage”)

32
Q

Definition of interactional competence

A

The ability to understand and apply rules for interaction in various Communication situations

33
Q

The greatest area development in preschool children

A

Verb morphology (adding verb endings to words)

34
Q

Two criteria of true words

A

They resemble adult words

they are used consistently by the child

35
Q

Three common phonological processes

A 
Final consonant deletion (ca for cat)
Reduplication (wawa for water)
Cluster reduction (tick for stick)
36
Q

Definition of infant intentionality

A

The infants ability to express intended meetings

Pointing, gesturing, eye contact

7-12 months

37
Q

Definition of cooing sounds

A

Consonant-like sounds, mostly k and g

38
Q

Definition of prelinguistic stage

A

This stage preceeds the child’s first word

39
Q

Definition of grammatical competence

A

The ability to recognize and produce the syntactic and morphological structures of a language

40
Q

Three achievements and use for preschool children

A

Use language for a Greater variety of discourse functions

Becoming adept at turn taking

Develop narrative skills (age 4)

41
Q

Four foundations of communicative competence

A

Joint reference and attention
Rituals of infancy
Caregiver responsiveness
Infant speech perception and categorization

42
Q

Definition of literate language

A

This term describes language that is highly decontextualized

43
Q

Definition of phonological competence

A

The ability to recognize and produce the phonemes of a language

44
Q

Definition of dyslexia

A

A receptive visual language disorder

45
Q

Definition of caregiver responsiveness

A

Caregivers’ attention and sensitivity to infants’ vocalizations and communicative attempts

46
Q

Three achievements and content in preschool children

A

Avg 13,000 learned words

Fast mapping

The move to decontextualized language

47
Q

Definition of cultural competence

A

The ability to function effectively in cultural contexts

48
Q

Definition of Echolalia

A

Non-meaningful repetitions produced by the infant

49
Q

Achievement and emergent literacy in preschool children

A

Children develop print awareness and phonological awareness

50
Q

Definition of expansion stage

A

The infant gains more control over articulators

51
Q

Definition of reflexive sounds

A

The first sounds produced by infants

52
Q

Roger brown

A

14 grammatical morphemes develop in the same order and emerge at the same time and all normally developing English-speaking children

53
Q

Four pragmatic aspects of communicative competence

A

Functional
sociolinguistic
interactional
cultural

54
Q

By __ years old, children have mastered __% of ____.

A

5, 90%, grammar

55
Q

Definition of communicative competence

A

The knowledge and awareness that speakers of a language possess and utilize to communicate effectively in that language

56
Q

Definition of pragmatic aspects of communicative competence

A

Aspects of communication that relates to the social context in which the language is used

57
Q

To achievements and speech for a toddler

A

Attainment of specific phonemes

phonological logical processes

58
Q

Phase 3 of joint reference and attention

A

1 year and beyond

Uses language to communicate intentionally with others

59
Q

Definition of functional flexibility

A

The ability to use language for a variety of communicative purposes or functions

60
Q

Definition of infant categorization

A

Children separate input into different categories

Ex. Speech sounds vs non speech sounds

61
Q

Definition of linguistic aspects of communicative competence

A

Aspects of communication that relate to the nature and structure of language

62
Q

Definition of receptive lexicon

A

The words a child can comprehend

Larger than the number of words they can produce

63
Q

Stages of vocal development

A

Phonation stage (0-1 month)

Cooing stage (2-3 months)

Expansion stage (4-6 months)

Canonical stage (6+ months)

Variegated stage (9+ months)

64
Q

Marks the beginning of syntax in a toddler

A

Starting to produce to word utterances (18 months)

Foundations Of Speech Pathology (13 decks)

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