Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations Of Speech Pathology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Communication

A

The transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The four processes of communication

A

Formulation
Transmission
Reception
Comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of Formation

A

The process of pulling together ones’s thoughts or feelings for sharing with another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of Transmission

A

The process of conveying those ideas to another person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of Reception

A

The process of receiving the information from another person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of Comprehension

A

The process of making sense of the message.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of Modality

A

The manner in which the information is conveyed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three examples of modality

A

Speech, gesture and writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The model of communication

A

Feedback and transmission

Nonlinguistic and paralinguistic feedback

Reception and comprehension

Feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Feedback

A

Information provided by the receiver to the sender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two examples of Linguistic feedback

A

Speaking and vocalizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Four examples of Nonlinguistic feedback

A

Eye contact, facial expression, posture, proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three examples of Paralinguistic feedback

A

Pitch, loudness, pausing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The purpose of communication

A

To provide and solicit information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effective Communication occurs when

A

This occurs when information is successfully shared between a sender and a receiver. There is no breakdown in formulation, transmission, perception or comprehension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Four characteristics of an effective communicator

A

effective most of the time

shares through a common modality (speaking, hearing, reading, writing, signing)

Avoids communication breakdowns by responding and giving feedback during conversations.

Uses communication for diverse purposes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two requirements in effective communication

A

No communication breakdowns

Modality must be shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Grice’s Maxims

A

Principle of quantity

Principle of quality

Principle of relevance

Principle of manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Grice’s principal of quantity

A

The sender provides the right amount and type of information (sufficient information)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Grice’s principle of quality

A

The sender shares information that is accurate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grice’s Principle of relevance

A

The sender communicate in a way that is appropriate for the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Grice’s principle of manner

A

The sender engages as expected by the cultural norms

Speaks fluently
Pause as needed
Appropriate loudness and pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The mechanical act of speech

A

Inhale, vibration, exhale, words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The cognitive act of language

A

Receiving, comprehending, responding with feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
An example of speech with no language
Joe is in a mentally retarded institution. His nurse visits every morning and says, “good morning.” Joe has figured out to respond in a similar manner, but doesn’t understand what “good morning” means.
26
An example of language without speech
A child born death uses sign language to communicate.
27
How does communication relate to language, speech, and hearing?
Language - used for formulation and comprehension Speech - used for transmission Hearing - used for reception
28
Four characteristics of language
Modality Symbolism Arbitrary Conventional (rule-governed)
29
Pre-symbolic
No understanding of words as symbols to objects
30
Referent
An object a word or symbol represents
31
An example of an arbitrary characteristic of language
“Table” vs “Mesa” The culturally shared understanding of an object
32
An example of a non-arbitrary word
Last name “Miller” Used to be related to profession “Quack-quack” for a duck Kids growing up using animal sounds as the name
33
The five features of language
``` Universality Species specificity Semanticity Productivity Rate of acquisition ```
34
Five language dimensions
``` Semantics Syntax Morphology Phonology Pragmatics ```
35
Definition of Productivity feature
A feature of language that is the combination of small number of discrete units into seemingly infinite creations.
36
Definition of Semantics dimension
The rules of language governor and the meaning of individual words or word combinations Meaning of words, vocabulary
37
Definition of Syntax dimension
The rules of language governing the internal organization of sentences Word order
38
Definition of Morphology dimension
The rules of language governing the internal organization of words. Building blocks of language Ex. Jump ing (2 blacks)
39
Definition of Phonology dimension
The rules of language governing the sounds we use to make syllables and words Sound system of language
40
Definition of Pragmatics dimension
The rules of language governing how language is used for social purposes
41
Three Language domains
Content, form, use
42
Language domain: content
Equal to semantics
43
Language domains: form
Equal to syntax + morphology + phonology
44
Grammar
Syntax + morphology
45
Language domains: use
Equal to pragmatics
46
Definition of Meta linguistics
Using language to talk about language
47
An example of a pragmatic dimension
How to begin, maintain an end conversations Ex. 5 year old talking to grandma on the phone
48
Definition of Hearing acuity
The activity up if you can actually hear a sound or not ex. Same process as an eye doctor have new new read off letters if you can see them or not
49
Four systems involved with speech
Respiration Phonation Resonance Articulation
50
Four building blocks of a normal speech
Breathstream Voice Articulation Fluency
51
Definition of Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound
52
Definition of Acoustics
The study of sound
53
Definition of Hearing
The perception of sound
54
Four sound fundamentals
Creation of a sound source Vibration of air particles Reception by ear Comprehension by brain
55
Definition of Speech perception
The brains processing of human speech
56
Definition of Auditory perception
The brains processing of any type of auditory information
57
Definition of Communication disorder
When a person has significant difficulty and one or more of the aspects of communication when compared with other people sharing the same language, dialect, and culture
58
Definition of Language Impairment
Problems with the formulation and/or comprehension of language
59
Definition of Speech impairment
Problems with transmission of language
60
Definition of Hearing impairment
Problems with reception of language
61
Breakdown of communication: formulation
Difficulty in effectively formulating a message for communication Ex. Aphasia
62
Breakdown of communication: transmission
Difficulty in effectively transmitting a message for communication Ex. Motor skills caused by stroke
63
Breakdown of communication: reception
Difficulty in effectively receiving a message Being communicated Ex. Noise-induced hearing loss
64
Breakdown of communication: comprehension
Difficulty in affectively decoding or comprehending a message being communicated Ex. Intellectually debilitated, senile
65
Three Common Communication differences
Different language, culture, dialects
66
A communication disorder is present only went in individuals communication ability ____, _____, _____
1. Operates outside of cultural norms or language group 2. Considered disordered by said groups 3. Interferes with Communication or calls attention to itself
67
Four Speech disorders
Articulation and phonology Fluency Voice Motor speech
68
Disorders of articulation and phonology
Distortions, substitutions and omissions of speech sounds Ex. Rabbit is pronounced wabbit or abbit
69
Definition of Fluency disorder
Breaks the flow of speech Ex. Stutter block
70
Two Motor speech disorders
Apraxia and dysarthria
71
Definition of Apraxia
Trouble sequencing speech sounds in order Ex. Spaghetti vs pascetti
72
Definition of Dysarthria
Slowed, slurred speech disorder
73
Three disorders of hearing
Sensorineural Conductive Auditory
74
Definition of Sensorineural hearing impairment
Breakdown of the inner ear or in the auditory nerve Ex. Senile
75
Definition of Conductive hearing impairment
Breakdown of outer or middle ear Ex. Too much ear wax
76
Definition of Auditory processing disorder
The breakdown in The processing of speech sounds in the auditory center of the brain Ex. Short term memory - kid in class
77
Definition of Dysphasia
Swallowing disorder
78
Definition of universality feature
Pattern that occurs systematically across natural languages
79
Definition of species specificity feature
The human capacity for language that no other animals share
80
Definition of semanticity feature
An aspect of human language that allows words to represent ideas and things
81
Definition of rate of acquisition feature
How easily Or quickly language is learned
82
Definition of Perceptual target
Abstract representation of speech sound system is generated
83
Definition of motor schema
Brain systems generate a rough plan of the abstract representation of speech sound systems in our fed forward and syllable chunks to muscle groups involved with speech
84
Definition of speech output
Air pressure is modulated as respiratory flow is sent forward, and articulators and oral cavity are manipulated to produce
85
Three basic reasons for commutation
To request, to reject and to comment.
86
Seven functions of Communication
``` Instrumental Regulatory Intersectional Personal Heuristic Imaginative Informative ```
87
Definition of informative communication
This function of communication is used to provide an organized description of an event or object
88
Definition of imaginative function of Communication
This function of communication is used to tell stories and to role-play
89
Definition of heuristic function of communication
This function of communication is used to find out information and to inquire
90
Definition of personal function of communication
This function of communication is used to express a state of mind or feelings about something
91
Definition of intersectional communication
This function of communication is used to interact and converse with others in a social way
92
Definition of regulatory function of communication
This function of communication is used to give directions or to direct others
93
Definition of instrumental function of communication
This function of communication is used to ask for something
94
Definition of speech
Neuromuscular process by which we turn language into a sound signal that is transmitted through the air

Foundations Of Speech Pathology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions