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Foundations Of Speech Pathology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of pediatric hearing loss

A

a condition in which a child or adolescent is unable to detect or distinguish the range of sounds normally available to the human ear

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2
Q

bilateral hearing loss

A

affects both ears

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3
Q

unilateral hearing loss

A

affects one ear

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4
Q

short-term hearing loss

A

is present for only a short period of time

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5
Q

fluctuating hearing loss

A

reappears periodically

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6
Q

permanent hearing loss

A

is not going away

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7
Q

progressive hearing loss

A

grows worse overtime

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8
Q

congenital hearing loss

A

present at birth

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9
Q

acquired hearing loss

A

develops after birth

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10
Q

developmental hearing loss

A

present at birth

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11
Q

prelingual hearing loss

A

occurs before language is acquired

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12
Q

post-lingual hearing loss

A

occurs after language is acquired

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13
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

caused by damage to the outer or middle ear, with the inner ear and cochlea intact

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14
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

caused by damage to the cochlea or the auditory nerve, with the outer and middle ears intact

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15
Q

mixed hearing loss

A

caused by damage to both the conductive and sensorineural mechanisms

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16
Q

true or false: all cases of hearing loss result in disability or disordered functioning

A

false - not all cases

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17
Q

true or false: with early identification a child may have a hearing loss but may not exhibit impaired abilities

A

true

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18
Q

prevalence rate of school children have a hearing loss that is educationally significant

A

8%

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19
Q

incidence rate of children experiencing intermittent hearing loss that is mild to moderate

A

35% (likely caused by ongoing middle ear infections)

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20
Q

if communication is not affected, what kind of impact does hearing loss have on a child’s life?

A

little or no impact and should not be seen as a disability

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21
Q

example of hearing loss but communication is in tact

A

children who are born congenitally deaf and are reared to speak American Sign Language (ASL) as their first language

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22
Q

What percent of children with hearing loss are born to parents of normal hearing?

A

More than 80%

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23
Q

What age is critical to the healthy development of a child with hearing loss are early identification and intervention?

A

before 6 months

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24
Q

what is the current age of identification of children with significant congenital hearing loss?

A

around 2 years

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25
Q

what happens when early identification does not occur or when intervention efforts are ineffective?

A

hearing loss likely will result in delayed receptive and expressive speech and language development

26
Q

what four aspects can speech and language delay associated with hearing loss can include?

A

semantics

grammar

phonology

pragmatics

27
Q

how is hearing loss in children and adolescents typically is classified?

A

etiology

manifestation

impact

severity

28
Q

When congenital loss is present, about _____% of the cases result from genetic causes.

A

50

29
Q

what are other causes can children can experience congenital hearing loss?

A

infection, injury, or illness in the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods

30
Q

true or false: less common than biologically based loss, exposure to noise in the environment can result in a noise-induced hearing loss

A

true

31
Q

what is more problematic than a loss in acuity?

A

decrease in auditory comprehension of spoken language and speech perception

32
Q

Definition of threshold of hearing

A

the earliest point at which a person can begin to hear

33
Q

true or false: threshold of hearing becomes lower as hearing loss becomes more severe

A

false - threshold becomes higher as hearing loss becomes more severe

34
Q

Definition of audiogram

A

a graph plotting hearing level in decibels

35
Q

two characteristics of conductive hearing loss

A

loudness of the sound is attenuated

some auditory information may be lost

36
Q

true or false: conductive hearing loss usually is amenable to medical or surgical intervention and therefore often is temporary

A

true

37
Q

in children the most common cause of conductive hearing loss

A

otitis media - middle ear infections

38
Q

three characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss

A

decrease in overall loudness

decrease in speech perception

decreased ability to distinguish speech from background noise

39
Q

what is the most common type of hearing loss?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

40
Q

true or false: sensorineural hearing loss can be treated effectively with amplification or other types of intervention, but hearing cannot usually be restored

A

true

41
Q

true or false: most often, sensorineural hearing loss is not present at birth as a congenital hearing loss

A

false - it is present at birth

42
Q

characteristics of mixed hearing loss

A

permanent reduction of sound

additional temporary loss of hearing from the conductive component

43
Q

how is pediatric hearing loss identified?

A

referral

screening

Comprehensive Audiological Evaluation

Objective Measures

44
Q

Definition of Comprehensive Audiological Evaluation

A

Assesses the type and severity of loss (mild to profound), speech discrimination and auditory perception abilities in quiet and in noisy conditions, and the cause of any loss

45
Q

Definition of Typanometry

A

examines tympanic membrane movement and graphs the results on a tympanogram

46
Q

Children with _____ hearing loss will have ______ tympanograms.

A

conductive; abnormal

47
Q

When a ____ hearing loss is present, the tympanogram should be ____.

A

sensorineural; normal

48
Q

three amplification and Listening Devices

A

hearing aids

assistive Listening Devices (ALDs):

cochlear Implants

49
Q

Definition of FM system

A

most common ALD used by children is a personal amplification system that can be used independently or with hearing aids

50
Q

Definition of cochlear Implants

A

a surgically Implanted device that provides direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve

51
Q

when are cochlear Implants appropriate for children?

A

when they have severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss

52
Q

Definition of aural habilitation

A

individualized intervention to achieve fluent communication in a manual or oral modality

53
Q

what are three principles commonly used for all children?

A

ensuring an appropriate listening environment

maximizing audition

supporting listening development

54
Q

what are five principles commonly used for young children?

A

early intervention

parental involvement

naturalistic environments

social interaction

functional outcomes

55
Q

what are three principles commonly used for school-aged children?

A

effective means of communication

self-advocacy

literacy

56
Q

Definition of auditory processing disorder

A

a type of hearing disorder that adversely affects an individual’s processing or interpretation of auditory messages

57
Q

true or false: APD is not typically accompanied by a loss of hearing acuity

A

true

58
Q

true or false: children with APD typically have trouble with speech production

A

false - speech production is intact

59
Q

symptoms of children with APD

A

academic and communicative difficulties

inability to follow complex verbal directions

spelling and reading deficits

inability to engage in classroom discussions

60
Q

true or false: amplification through hearing aids is not an option for children with APD

A

true

Foundations Of Speech Pathology (13 decks)

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