Chapter 2 Flashcards
What roles did physical activity and sport play in PRE-AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
- > Humans were compelled to be physically active to stay alive
- > Hunting and gathering societies were constantly on the move
- > Survival needs meant little opportunity for “leisure” time
What roles did physical activity and sport play in ANCENT GREECE
- > Ancient Greece was the first civilization to pursue physical activity for the sake of physical as well as mental benefits
- > Athletes and athletic evens held religious significance
- > The Ancient greeks believed that the gods bestowed extraordinary power upon athletes
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS
- > The ancient greeks organized sporting events into competitions between nations
- > First recorded Olympic Games took place in Athens 776 BCE
- > The first games only included one event: a foot race
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE ROMAN EMPIRE
- > The romans continued the olympic tradition but favoured more brutal sporting events ie. gladiator combat
- > Athleticism and the Olympic Games decreased/ weakened when the Roman Empire declined
- > The modern olympic revival did not occur until 1896
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE RENAISSANCE
- > The Renaissance saw a revival of interest in greek and roman culture
- > Athleticism again became a social idea
- > Study of human anatomy and physiology intensified
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE VICTORIAN ERA
- > Rules and time limits were set on spectator sports such as cricket, football and tennis
- > Middle class was eager to join the upper class in leisure activities
- > Industrial revolution: 1760-1842
- > Victorian Era: 1837-1901
What roles did physical activity and sport play in ABORIGINAL SOCIETIES IN THE AMERICAS
- > Athletic games were part of religious ceremonies
- > Physical fitness was viewed as helping young warriors gain spiritual fitness
Nationalism
- > identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
- > Hosting the olympics leads to a surge in Nationalism
How did interest and participation in sport spread from the elite to the masses in the twentieth century.
- > Professional sports were born when teams realized they needed to pay their athletes to motivate and to retain them full time
- > Modern sports fans emerged as a result of the increased leisure time arising from industrialization, the growing population of sport in the media and the advent of TV
Professional Sport and Athletic Competition
- > Professional sports refers to those sport in which athletes receive payment for their athletic performance
The Modern Olympic Games
- > First modern olympics were held in Athens in 1896
- > The first modern Olympic Games excluded women and non- Europeans
- > First winter games were added in 1924
Historical Origins of sport
- > The years 1882-1914 saw a rapid growth in amateur and professional sports
- > The explosive growth of professional leagues after WW2 resulted from better wages, more leisure time an increase in population and the advent of TV
The Emergence of Modern Sports fans
- > Industrialization brought about increased productivity, wealth, and leisure time for many people in western nations
- > Mass media, global communication, and rise of population advanced the popularity of sports, the number of fans soared
Female Athlete’s struggle of equality
- > Women fought against a “feminine ideal” stereotype that limited their participation in sports
- > As women gained more political and economic freedom, they pushed boundaries in the world of sports
When were women allowed to participate in every olympic sport
The 2012 London olympics
Who was Jackie Robinson
The first black profession baseball player signed to Major league baseball
When and where did the first every Olympic Games ever take place
776 BCE in Athens, Greece
When were the first childhood physical education classes
1420
