Chapter 2

Question 1

) What are the atomic characteristics of common biological elements? [Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2]

Answer 1

h,c,n,o, p.s

Question 2

D) What is an element and how many are there?

Answer 2

consists of 1 kind of atom,92 naturally occurring

Question 3

E) What makes something an isotope?

Answer 3

diff #of nuetrons from protons

Question 4

E) What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic compound?

Answer 4

organic- carbon covalently bonded with hydrogen

Question 5

F) What is electronegativity and how does it affect electron sharing within a covalent bond? [Table 2.2]

Answer 5

when one atom in a covalent bond in which it shares electron un equally with the other.

Question 6

G) What are the differences between polar and non-polar covalent bonds? [Figure 2.5 and Table 2.3]

Answer 6

non polar share electrons equally

Question 7

What are some biologically important functional groups? [Table 2.4]

Answer 7

Aldehyde-carbs
Amino
carboxyl-org. acids and fatty acids
hydroxl- carbs, fatty acids, alchohol
keto-polypeptides
methyl-som aa atatched to DNA
phosphate
sufhydryl part of aa cystiene

Question 8

What type of bonds does ATP have?

Answer 8

high e phosphate bonds

Question 9

What are peptide bonds? Where are they found? [Figure 2.16]

Answer 9

hold aa’s together they are found in poly peptides and protiens

Question 10

1) What are polypeptides?

Answer 10

one end has carboxyl group and other a free aa

Question 11

D) What are the differences between a proteins primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures?

Answer 11

secondary: three d shape spirals and folds
Tertiary: 3d has 2 shapes globular(soluble) and and fibrous(non soluble)
Quanternary:
multiple poly peptides bonded together

Question 12

1) What are chaperones?

Answer 12

help with the folding process of protiens

Question 13

E) What is a protein domain? [Figure 2.18]

Answer 13

a protien substructure that consists of sheets and helixes that fold into a stable structure

Question 14

F) If a protein has other molecules covalently bonded to the side chains of some of its amino acids what
is it called?

Answer 14

substituted protiens

Question 15

1) How are the 6-carbon sugars different from each other? [Figure 2.21]

Answer 15

thier structure

Question 16

2) What are the two different forms of sugars? [Figure 2.22]

Answer 16

simple vs complex

Question 17

C) What are disaccharides, how are they formed, and what are some common examples? [Table 2.5 and Figure 2.23]

Answer 17

two sugar molecules together

Question 18

D) What are polysaccharides and how do they differ from oligosaccharides? [Table 2.5 and Figure 2.24]
1) What are some important polysaccharides?

Answer 18

long chains of mono sacharides. cellulose, starch glycogen

Oligo- shorter chains

Question 19

Which pairs of nucleobases are complementary to each other and what does that mean?

Answer 19

Ones that bind to eachother
C -G
A-T

Question 20

) What are the most common lipids? What are they made of? [Figure 2.29]

Answer 20

q

Question 21

C) What do compound lipids contain? Biologically what is the most important one? [Figure 2.30]

Answer 21

contain other elements other then cho

phospholipids are most importan

Question 22

steroids

Answer 22

simple lipids in shape of rings