Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is spontaneous generation?
living things coming from non living things
How did Needham’s and Spallanzani’s experiments differ?
Needhams: boiled broths and had cork on them and the organisms grew
Spallanzani: boiled broths longer and sealed of by melting glass- nothing grew
How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation theory? [Figure 1.1]
He did this through the swan neck styled flasks
How did Tyndall confirm Pasteur’s experiment?
he discovered that some micro-o’s withstood heat
What are endospores
heat resistant bacteria
What are some of the biggest science advances in the last century and a half?
q
What are Microbes?
infectious agents, and micro-o’s
What activities of microbes required for the survival of the planet?
help in degrading materials and recycling
C) How are microbes involved in food production?
yeast, yogurt, cheese
D) What is bioremediation?
micro-o’s used to hasten decay of pollutants
F) What is biotechnology?
microbio, and bio chem. techniques to solve practical problems. ie making insulin, and genetically engineered plants
What are pathogens and how do we fight them? [Figure 1.3]
sanitation, vaccination, antibiotics
H) What occurred during the golden age of microbiology?
q
What are emerging diseases? Give an example. [Figure 1.4]
new found diseases. ie swine flu, SARS, hept
K) What are peptic ulcers? What causes them?
stomach sores essentially. they are caused by bacteria Hlicobacter pylori
What is normal microbiota? How do they help?
communities of micro-o’s on shurfaces of the human body. “flora” on people skin, help in digestion
How can microorganisms be used as model organisms?
bacteria are easier to study and can be used as examples of what happens inside bigger life forms ie. degrading foods
What are re-emerging diseases? Give an example.
diseases that were under control for a time and have reemerged ie tb, and malaria
How did Leeuwenhoek observe microbes? [Figure 1.5]
with his microscope!
B) What are the three domains and what are their different traits? [Table 1.1 and Three Domains video]
Bacteria: no nuclear membrane, no membrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Archea: No nuclear membrane, nomembrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Eucarya: nuclear membrane, has mem bound oranelles, lives in no extreme environments
C) What are prokaryotes and to what domain do they belong?
Domain: Bacteria
Single celled organisms, no nulceus, but had dna within, or organelles
1) What are the traits of bacteria?
typically round/ spiral, rigid call walls
D) What types of extreme environments can members of Archaea inhabit?
can grow is salty environments like the dead sea, in 121 c*
E) What are eukaryotes and to what domain do they belong?
Domain: Eucarya
have membrane bound nucleus and organelles
1) What are the traits of a eukaryotic cell?
q
F) What are the microbial members of Eucarya? What are their traits? [Table 1.2, Figure 1.6, 1.7, 1.8]
Algea: energy source=sun, micro/macro
Fungi:energy source=org. compounds, micro/macro
Protozoa:e source=org. compounds, microscopic, single celled
G) What is a genus? What is a species?
Genus:
Species:
A) What are viruses and what are they made of? [Figure 1.9 and Table 1.3]
nucliec acid inside a protien package.
use host cells to reproduce
B) Why do viruses need a host? Why are they referred to as obligate intracellular parasites?
they cannot reproduce without one.
because they rely on a host
What are viroids? [Figure 1.10 and Table 1.3]
consist of only a short strand of rna
Prions
infectious protien, misfolded cellular proteins found in the brain
How does the size of things you’ve learned about in this chapter compare to each other?
smallest to biggest virus bacteria prion fibril eukaryotic cells
