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Micro Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

living things coming from non living things

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2
Q

How did Needham’s and Spallanzani’s experiments differ?

A

Needhams: boiled broths and had cork on them and the organisms grew
Spallanzani: boiled broths longer and sealed of by melting glass- nothing grew

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3
Q

How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation theory? [Figure 1.1]

A

He did this through the swan neck styled flasks

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4
Q

How did Tyndall confirm Pasteur’s experiment?

A

he discovered that some micro-o’s withstood heat

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5
Q

What are endospores

A

heat resistant bacteria

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6
Q

What are some of the biggest science advances in the last century and a half?

A

q

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7
Q

What are Microbes?

A

infectious agents, and micro-o’s

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8
Q

What activities of microbes required for the survival of the planet?

A

help in degrading materials and recycling

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9
Q

C) How are microbes involved in food production?

A

yeast, yogurt, cheese

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10
Q

D) What is bioremediation?

A

micro-o’s used to hasten decay of pollutants

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11
Q

F) What is biotechnology?

A

microbio, and bio chem. techniques to solve practical problems. ie making insulin, and genetically engineered plants

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12
Q

What are pathogens and how do we fight them? [Figure 1.3]

A

sanitation, vaccination, antibiotics

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13
Q

H) What occurred during the golden age of microbiology?

A

q

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14
Q

What are emerging diseases? Give an example. [Figure 1.4]

A

new found diseases. ie swine flu, SARS, hept

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15
Q

K) What are peptic ulcers? What causes them?

A

stomach sores essentially. they are caused by bacteria Hlicobacter pylori

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16
Q

What is normal microbiota? How do they help?

A

communities of micro-o’s on shurfaces of the human body. “flora” on people skin, help in digestion

17
Q

How can microorganisms be used as model organisms?

A

bacteria are easier to study and can be used as examples of what happens inside bigger life forms ie. degrading foods

18
Q

What are re-emerging diseases? Give an example.

A

diseases that were under control for a time and have reemerged ie tb, and malaria

19
Q

How did Leeuwenhoek observe microbes? [Figure 1.5]

A

with his microscope!

20
Q

B) What are the three domains and what are their different traits? [Table 1.1 and Three Domains video]

A

Bacteria: no nuclear membrane, no membrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Archea: No nuclear membrane, nomembrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Eucarya: nuclear membrane, has mem bound oranelles, lives in no extreme environments

21
Q

C) What are prokaryotes and to what domain do they belong?

A

Domain: Bacteria

Single celled organisms, no nulceus, but had dna within, or organelles

22
Q

1) What are the traits of bacteria?

A

typically round/ spiral, rigid call walls

23
Q

D) What types of extreme environments can members of Archaea inhabit?

A

can grow is salty environments like the dead sea, in 121 c*

24
Q

E) What are eukaryotes and to what domain do they belong?

A

Domain: Eucarya

have membrane bound nucleus and organelles

25
Q

1) What are the traits of a eukaryotic cell?

A

q

26
Q

F) What are the microbial members of Eucarya? What are their traits? [Table 1.2, Figure 1.6, 1.7, 1.8]

A

Algea: energy source=sun, micro/macro
Fungi:energy source=org. compounds, micro/macro
Protozoa:e source=org. compounds, microscopic, single celled

27
Q

G) What is a genus? What is a species?

A

Genus:
Species:

28
Q

A) What are viruses and what are they made of? [Figure 1.9 and Table 1.3]

A

nucliec acid inside a protien package.

use host cells to reproduce

29
Q

B) Why do viruses need a host? Why are they referred to as obligate intracellular parasites?

A

they cannot reproduce without one.

because they rely on a host

30
Q

What are viroids? [Figure 1.10 and Table 1.3]

A

consist of only a short strand of rna

31
Q

Prions

A

infectious protien, misfolded cellular proteins found in the brain

32
Q

How does the size of things you’ve learned about in this chapter compare to each other?

A 
smallest to biggest
virus
bacteria
prion fibril
eukaryotic cells

Micro Biology (25 decks)

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