Chapter 1

Question 1

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 1

living things coming from non living things

Question 2

How did Needham’s and Spallanzani’s experiments differ?

Answer 2

Needhams: boiled broths and had cork on them and the organisms grew
Spallanzani: boiled broths longer and sealed of by melting glass- nothing grew

Question 3

How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation theory? [Figure 1.1]

Answer 3

He did this through the swan neck styled flasks

Question 4

How did Tyndall confirm Pasteur’s experiment?

Answer 4

he discovered that some micro-o’s withstood heat

Question 5

What are endospores

Answer 5

heat resistant bacteria

Question 6

What are some of the biggest science advances in the last century and a half?

Answer 6

q

Question 7

What are Microbes?

Answer 7

infectious agents, and micro-o’s

Question 8

What activities of microbes required for the survival of the planet?

Answer 8

help in degrading materials and recycling

Question 9

C) How are microbes involved in food production?

Answer 9

yeast, yogurt, cheese

Question 10

D) What is bioremediation?

Answer 10

micro-o’s used to hasten decay of pollutants

Question 11

F) What is biotechnology?

Answer 11

microbio, and bio chem. techniques to solve practical problems. ie making insulin, and genetically engineered plants

Question 12

What are pathogens and how do we fight them? [Figure 1.3]

Answer 12

sanitation, vaccination, antibiotics

Question 13

H) What occurred during the golden age of microbiology?

Answer 13

q

Question 14

What are emerging diseases? Give an example. [Figure 1.4]

Answer 14

new found diseases. ie swine flu, SARS, hept

Question 15

K) What are peptic ulcers? What causes them?

Answer 15

stomach sores essentially. they are caused by bacteria Hlicobacter pylori

Question 16

What is normal microbiota? How do they help?

Answer 16

communities of micro-o’s on shurfaces of the human body. “flora” on people skin, help in digestion

Question 17

How can microorganisms be used as model organisms?

Answer 17

bacteria are easier to study and can be used as examples of what happens inside bigger life forms ie. degrading foods

Question 18

What are re-emerging diseases? Give an example.

Answer 18

diseases that were under control for a time and have reemerged ie tb, and malaria

Question 19

How did Leeuwenhoek observe microbes? [Figure 1.5]

Answer 19

with his microscope!

Question 20

B) What are the three domains and what are their different traits? [Table 1.1 and Three Domains video]

Answer 20

Bacteria: no nuclear membrane, no membrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Archea: No nuclear membrane, nomembrane bound organelles, found everywhere
Eucarya: nuclear membrane, has mem bound oranelles, lives in no extreme environments

Question 21

C) What are prokaryotes and to what domain do they belong?

Answer 21

Domain: Bacteria

Single celled organisms, no nulceus, but had dna within, or organelles

Question 22

1) What are the traits of bacteria?

Answer 22

typically round/ spiral, rigid call walls

Question 23

D) What types of extreme environments can members of Archaea inhabit?

Answer 23

can grow is salty environments like the dead sea, in 121 c*

Question 24

E) What are eukaryotes and to what domain do they belong?

Answer 24

Domain: Eucarya

have membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 25

1) What are the traits of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 25

q

Question 26

F) What are the microbial members of Eucarya? What are their traits? [Table 1.2, Figure 1.6, 1.7, 1.8]

Answer 26

Algea: energy source=sun, micro/macro
Fungi:energy source=org. compounds, micro/macro
Protozoa:e source=org. compounds, microscopic, single celled

Question 27

G) What is a genus? What is a species?

Answer 27

Genus:
Species:

Question 28

A) What are viruses and what are they made of? [Figure 1.9 and Table 1.3]

Answer 28

nucliec acid inside a protien package.

use host cells to reproduce

Question 29

B) Why do viruses need a host? Why are they referred to as obligate intracellular parasites?

Answer 29

they cannot reproduce without one.

because they rely on a host

Question 30

What are viroids? [Figure 1.10 and Table 1.3]

Answer 30

consist of only a short strand of rna

Question 31

Prions

Answer 31

infectious protien, misfolded cellular proteins found in the brain

Question 32

How does the size of things you’ve learned about in this chapter compare to each other?

Answer 32

smallest to biggest
virus
bacteria
prion fibril
eukaryotic cells