Chapter 2 Flashcards
Introduction to Major Perspectives
William James’s elements of psych
- why - deals with things like evolution, env, and culture
- how - deals with things like cognition, behaviour, and subconscious
- what - deals with sensations, emotions, thoughts, perceptions, and actions
integrative psychology
introduced by Evan Thompson to combine the nature and actions of mind, body, and spirit
biological psychology
- interested in measuring biological, physiological, or genetic variables in an attempt to relate them to psychological or behavioural variables
- seeks to understand how the brain functions to understand behaviour
- rooted in structuralist and functionalist studies
autoethnography
a narrative approach to introspective analysis
James Angells
one of James’s students, captured functionalist perspectives that consider mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person’s env
reductionist
the simple is the source of the complex; to explain a complex phenomenon, a person needs to reduce it to its elements
holist
the whole is more than the sum of its parts
the 4 lobes of the brain
- frontal lobe (motor cortex)
- occipital lobe (visual cortex)
- parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex)
- temporal lobe (auditory cortex)
frontal lobe
involved in motor skills, higher-level cognition, and expressive language
occipital lobe
involved in interpreting visual stimuli and info
parietal lobe
involved in the processing of other tactile sensory info such as pressure, touch, and pain
temporal lobe
involved in the interpretation of sounds and language
2 parts of the peripheral nervous system
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
controls the actions of skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system
regulates automatic processes like heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, has two parts
2 parts of the ANS
- sympathetic NS
- parasympathetic NS
sympathetic NS
controls fight-or-flight response
parasympathetic NS
works to bring the body back to its normal state after a fight-or-flight response
fight-or-flight
a reflex that prepares the body to respond to danger in the env
visual attention
brain’s ability to selectively filter unattended or unwanted info from reaching awareness
consciousness
awareness of the self in space and time
2 types of conscious experiences
- phenomenal - in the moment
- access - recalls experiences from memory
Freud’s 3 levels of human consciousness / parts of personality
- conscious (ego)
- preconscious (superego)
- unconscious (id)
conscious (ego)
consists of all the things we’re aware of, including things we know about ourselves and our surroundings