Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct research.
What do we mean when we say that scientific research should be objective?
Scientific research should be free from all bias.
True or false
Good theories are falsifiable, meaning that they can be proven incorrect.
True.
What is a research hypothesis?
A specific or falsifiable prediction about the relationship of two variables that can take a number of different values.
What are conceptual variables?
These are abstract ideas that form the basis of a research hypothesis.
What are the requirements for ethical research?
- Trust and positive rapport
- The experimenter treats the participant with concern and respect.
- Researchers must protect the participants privacy.
When does deception occur in an experiment?
When the subjects are not fully informed about the nature of the experiment.
What is a research design?
A research design is a specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze and interpret data.
What is descriptive research?
It involves assessing the current state of affairs.
What are case studies?
They are descriptive records of an individuals experiences and behavior.
Define the word sample.
The sample are the group of people that are willing and able to participate in the research.
Define the word population.
The population is the much larger version of the sample that the researcher is trying to learn more about.
What is central tendency?
Central tendency is the point on the distribution curve where all the data is centered.
What is the arithmetic mean?
This is the most common measure of central tendency.
What is correlational research?
This focused on measuring two variables and figuring out the relationship between them.
What is a common-casual variable?
A common-casual variable is a variable that is not a part of the research, but still affects the relationship between the variables.
What is consciousness?
Consciousness is a term meant to indicate awareness. It can also be defined as our subjective awareness of ourselves and out surroundings.
Who introduced the idea of “Subconscious”?
Freud.
What are the two levels of awareness?
- Low level awareness
- High level awareness
What is low level awareness associated with?
Low-level awareness is more associated with the subconscious and things we don’t usually notice.
What is high-level awareness associated with?
High-level awareness is associated with mindfulness which is a state of mind where a person is fully aware of the thoughts in their mind.
What is the flexible correction model?
The flexible correction model is the idea that if a person is aware that their thoughts and behavior are being manipulated by an outside source, they will correct the bias.
What is the idea of dualism?
Dualism is the idea that consciousness and the brain/ body are two different entities. In contrast to this, psychologists believe that the mind and consciousness are the same and not different.
What defines good research?
Good research is valid research.
What is construct validity?
construct validity is the idea that variables don’t actually measure the conceptual variables of interest.
What is internal validity?
Internal validity is the extent to which we can trust the conclusions drawn about the variables.
What is external validity?
External validity is the extent to which the research can be generalized outside of the specific conditions of the experiment.
Before psychologists can begin a research project, they must receive approval from the:
Institutional Review Board.
