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Human Phyisology Cuesta College Bio 205 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type molecule has carbon and seen in all living beings

A

Bio molecules

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2
Q

What molecule is hydrophobic, stored energy, communicate cell to cell and form integral components of the cell membrane

A

Lipids

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3
Q

What bio molecules that start reactions regulate gene expression, cell to cell communication. Also considered workers of the cell

A

Proteins

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4
Q

What bio molecules have cellular ID tag and are a abundant energy source used in the body

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

The simplest form of a bio molecule

A

Monomer

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6
Q

What molecule has multiple building block links up with a covalent bond and generally used to store energy?

A

Polymonomer

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7
Q

What type of polymer transfer information one generations to the next by creating new proteins from a single amino acid monomers

A

Nucleic acids

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8
Q

Monomers of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccarides

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9
Q

Glycogen

A

A polymer of glucose molecules that stores energy in animals, which humans can digest

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10
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide that’s stored in plants and edible for humans

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11
Q

What molecules is the monomer of all proteins

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

The molecules can be saturated, mono saturated, poly saturated and are the building blocks of all lipids

A

Fatty acids

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13
Q

What type of monomer is composed of a nitrogenous base, 5- carbon sugar and a phosphate

A

Nucleotides

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14
Q

When molecules from 2 diff categories are attached

A

Conjugated

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15
Q

What is a lipoprotein

A

A lipid attached to a protein

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16
Q

What is the primary polymer storage of lipids

A

Triglyceride

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17
Q

What is it called when proteins bind a signal molecule that initiate a cellular response?

A

Receptors

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18
Q

What category of peptides transmit info from one cell to another? Through hormone or neuropeptides

A

Signal molecules

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19
Q

This type of protein either increase or decrease protein synthesis, regulate cell processes for transcription of DNA. Also known as transcription factors

A

Regulatory proteins

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20
Q

Usually called antibodies, extra cellular immune proteins, protect the body from pathogens

A

Immunoglobulins

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21
Q

What speeds up chemical reaction and lowers the activation energy?

A

Enzymes

22
Q

What proteins bind to insoluble and non polar molecules to make them water soluble in order transport through the body? Some bio molecules & gases are not soluble in water.

A

Binding proteins

23
Q

Ligands

A

Molecules that bind to proteins @ special sites

24
Q

Affinity

A

To describe the attraction between a ligand and its binding site

25
Q

Saturation

A

Describes when all the binding sites are occupied cause the enzyme to no longer increase

26
Q

Whats it called when the amount of protein increases within a cell

A

Up-regulation

27
Q

Denatured

A

When a protein loses its binding site causing it to no longer be working. from temperature exposure, undesired pH.

28
Q

Proteolytic

A

Description of a fragmented inactive protein that’s removed to create and active protein

29
Q

Antagonists

A

Also called inhibitors since they bind to a protein and decrease it’s activity

30
Q

What type of connection occurs on a protein from a non-ligand that physically blocks ligands from binding

A

Competitive inhibition

31
Q

Allosteric activation

A

Description of a molecule binds to a protein away from a binding site and then activated that binding site

32
Q

What extra cellular fluid surrounds body tissues and or body organs

A

Interstitial fluid

33
Q

What extra cellular fluid is for blood cells

A

Plasma

34
Q

What is the outer surface of a cell called? It’s made of lipids and embedded proteins

A

Plasma membrane

35
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The fluid that contains all fluid and solid material inside a plasma membrane

36
Q

Non- membranous organelles, insoluble materials inside of a cell and don’t have a membrane

A

Inclusions

37
Q

The organelle in a cell that contains all genetic material that’s used to make proteins and control cell processes

A

Nucleus

38
Q

Small, dense granules of RNA & protein that manufacture proteins in the directions of the cells DNA and mRNA

A

Ribosomes

39
Q

This organelle is a interconnected network that has a smooth or rough appearance. It lumen protein modifications or lipid synthesis can occur

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

These organelle have their own genetic material and are the power house of the cell

A

Mitochondria

41
Q

This organelle receives protein from Rough ER and sends vesicles of them around the cell or out side

A

Golgi apparatus

42
Q

Small storage vesicles of powerful enzymes that remove cellular components that are no longer needed

A

Lysosomes

43
Q

Whats the body normal temp in F and C

A

98.6 F & 37 C

44
Q

Normal PH for the human body

A

7.35-7.45

45
Q

Name the steps in order for a feed back loop( 8)

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Sensor
  3. Aferente pathway
    4.Integrating path way
  4. Efferent pathway
  5. Effector
  6. Effector action
  7. Response
46
Q

Common disaccharides

A

Sucrose , maltose, lactose

47
Q

Common polysaccharides

A

Glycogen , cellulose , starch

GCS (Jesus)

48
Q

What moves polar substrates across a cell membrane and has two types: channels or carrier proteins

A

Membrane transporters

49
Q

Define a covalent modulation

A

When a phosphate would kinase or phosphatase

50
Q

What do motor proteins do?

A

Proteins that move a organelle and other structures around the cell by “walking” along the cytosekelton in a fashion called kinesin

Human Phyisology Cuesta College Bio 205 (12 decks)

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