Chapter 19- Camille's heart

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

Symmetrical with midsternal line
Below Rib 2
Above Diaphragm
Surrounded by Mediastinum (cavity which contains heart, esophagus, arteries/veins of heart)

Question 2

Apex of heart is pointed towards which direction?

Answer 2

left

Question 3

Which chamber of the heart is thickest?

Answer 3

left ventricle (highest pressure contractions through aorta (semilunar valve) to the rest of body

Question 4

3 layers of the heart?

Answer 4

Epicardium- visceral layer of pericardium (the sac that surrounds the heart)
Myocardium- cardiac muscle tissue (striated)
Endocardium- lines the chambers and covers the valves

Question 5

3 layered sac surrounding the heart?

Answer 5

PERICARDIUM
Fibrous pericardium- adheres to the diaphragm and the roots of the large vessels
Parietal Pericardium- adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral Pericardium- the epicardium of the heart

The pericardium is a serous membrane

Question 6

What are atria?

Answer 6

• receiving chambers
• superior chambers
• smaller
• separated by the interatrial septum

Question 7

What are ventricles?

Answer 7

• pumping chambers
• inferior chambers
• larger/thicker walls
• separated by the interventricular septum (myocardium)

Question 8

External grooves on the heart?

Answer 8

Coronary sulcus- divides the atria from the ventricles (also called the atrioventricular groove)- contains the coronary sinus (on posterior surface of heart)
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus- separates the ventricles of the heart- contains a branch of the left coronary artery
Posterior Interventricular Sulcus- actually inferior on posterior heart

Question 9

Crista terminalis?

Answer 9

C-shaped ridge on the posterior wall of the right atrium

Question 10

Fossa ovalis?

Answer 10

Remnant of foramen ovale in fetal heart (right atrium)

Question 11

pectinate muscles?

Answer 11

line the heart cavities

Question 12

Pulmonary semilunar valve?

Answer 12

tricuspid valve that leads to the pulmonary artery

Question 13

Atrioventricular valve?

Answer 13

separates atrium and ventricle
Mitral valve in left side of heart
Tricuspid valve in right side of heart

Question 14

chordae tendinae?

Answer 14

cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve/mitral valve in the heart

Question 15

papillary muscles?

Answer 15

contract to prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves (3 in right ventricle and two in the left)

They begin to contract shortly before ventricular systole

Question 16

trabeculae carneae

Answer 16

rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart

Question 17

Aortic semilunar valve

Answer 17

tricuspid/left ventricle/aorta separation

Question 18

mitral valve

Answer 18

bicuspid between left atrium and ventricle

Question 19

muscular interventricular septum

Answer 19

separates the left and right ventricles

Question 20

Blood flow through heart

Answer 20

Body
SCV/IVC/Coronary Sinus
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve (tricuspid)
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve (tricuspid)
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve (bicuspid)
left ventricle
Aortic Semilunar valve (tricuspid)
Body

Question 21

Electrical conduction in the heart?

Answer 21

1) Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)-> generates impulses
2) the impulses pause (0.1 sec) at the atrioventricular node
3) the atrioventricular bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
4) the bundle branches conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum
5) the Purkinje fibers stimulate the contractile cells of both ventricles

Question 22

The main coronary arteries

Answer 22

1) Right coronary artery (branches into right marginal artery and posterior descending artery/posterior interventricular artery)
2) Left coronary artery (branches into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery (wraps around posteriorly))

Question 23

The main coronary veins

Answer 23

1) superior vena cava
2) small cardiac vein
3) middle cardiac vein (located posteriorly)
4) coronary sinus (located posteriorly)
5) great cardiac vein (located anteriorly, left side, but wraps around to back)

Question 24

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 24

• blockage of coronary arteries

- Myocardial cells die and cannot be regenerated