Chapter 19- Camille's heart Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Symmetrical with midsternal line
Below Rib 2
Above Diaphragm
Surrounded by Mediastinum (cavity which contains heart, esophagus, arteries/veins of heart)
Apex of heart is pointed towards which direction?
left
Which chamber of the heart is thickest?
left ventricle (highest pressure contractions through aorta (semilunar valve) to the rest of body
3 layers of the heart?
Epicardium- visceral layer of pericardium (the sac that surrounds the heart)
Myocardium- cardiac muscle tissue (striated)
Endocardium- lines the chambers and covers the valves
3 layered sac surrounding the heart?
PERICARDIUM
Fibrous pericardium- adheres to the diaphragm and the roots of the large vessels
Parietal Pericardium- adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral Pericardium- the epicardium of the heart
The pericardium is a serous membrane
What are atria?
- receiving chambers
- superior chambers
- smaller
- separated by the interatrial septum
What are ventricles?
- pumping chambers
- inferior chambers
- larger/thicker walls
- separated by the interventricular septum (myocardium)
External grooves on the heart?
Coronary sulcus- divides the atria from the ventricles (also called the atrioventricular groove)- contains the coronary sinus (on posterior surface of heart)
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus- separates the ventricles of the heart- contains a branch of the left coronary artery
Posterior Interventricular Sulcus- actually inferior on posterior heart
Crista terminalis?
C-shaped ridge on the posterior wall of the right atrium
Fossa ovalis?
Remnant of foramen ovale in fetal heart (right atrium)
pectinate muscles?
line the heart cavities
Pulmonary semilunar valve?
tricuspid valve that leads to the pulmonary artery
Atrioventricular valve?
separates atrium and ventricle
Mitral valve in left side of heart
Tricuspid valve in right side of heart
chordae tendinae?
cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve/mitral valve in the heart
papillary muscles?
contract to prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves (3 in right ventricle and two in the left)
They begin to contract shortly before ventricular systole
trabeculae carneae
rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart
Aortic semilunar valve
tricuspid/left ventricle/aorta separation
mitral valve
bicuspid between left atrium and ventricle
muscular interventricular septum
separates the left and right ventricles
Blood flow through heart
Body SCV/IVC/Coronary Sinus Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve (tricuspid) Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve (tricuspid) pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary veins left atrium mitral valve (bicuspid) left ventricle Aortic Semilunar valve (tricuspid) Body
Electrical conduction in the heart?
1) Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)-> generates impulses
2) the impulses pause (0.1 sec) at the atrioventricular node
3) the atrioventricular bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
4) the bundle branches conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum
5) the Purkinje fibers stimulate the contractile cells of both ventricles
The main coronary arteries
1) Right coronary artery (branches into right marginal artery and posterior descending artery/posterior interventricular artery)
2) Left coronary artery (branches into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery (wraps around posteriorly))
The main coronary veins
1) superior vena cava
2) small cardiac vein
3) middle cardiac vein (located posteriorly)
4) coronary sinus (located posteriorly)
5) great cardiac vein (located anteriorly, left side, but wraps around to back)
Myocardial Infarction
- blockage of coronary arteries
- Myocardial cells die and cannot be regenerated
