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APK 2100C > Chapter 13- The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13- The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail (occipital lobe)

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2
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the snout; ex: cervical spinal cord more rostral than lumbar spinal cord

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3
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of brain: left and right hemispheres

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4
Q

Diencephalon

A

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

second largest part of brain

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6
Q

brain stem

A

Rostral continuation of the spinal cord, consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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7
Q

Brain ventricles

A

Spaces in the brain; continuous with each other and the central canal; contain CSF; lined with ependymal cells

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8
Q

Know everything on ventricle page…

A

fuck

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9
Q

protective coverings of the CNS

A

skull(protects brain); vertebrae( protects spinal cord); meninges (CT sheaths that encircle the brain and spinal cord; meninx=singular)

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10
Q

Layers of the meninges

A

Dura matter (strongest, most superficial); arachnoid matter (whispy and networked), pia matter (adheres directly to brain/spinal cord surface… outermost layer of brain and spinal cord)

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11
Q

Know picture of the meninges

A

:(

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12
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

separates the cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

Dural Septa

A

holds brain in skull to prevent damage

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14
Q

Tentorum Cerebelli

A

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

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15
Q

Know anatomy of the cerebrum

A

:((((

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16
Q

Know cerebral cortex

A

lawrence, it’ll be ok

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17
Q

Know fissures and sulci

A

it’ll really be ok, lawrence

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18
Q

somatotopy

A

body mapping

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19
Q

Cerebral white matter

A

commissural fibers, associational fibers, and projection fibers

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20
Q

areas of greater cortical mass (somatotopy)

A

areas of greater sensitivity

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21
Q

Commissural fibers

A

between hemispheres; cross the midline; largest= corpus callosum

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22
Q

Associational Fibers

A

Intrahemispheric; can be long or short

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23
Q

projection fibers

A

cortexlower CNS regions; vertical fibers

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24
Q

Cerebral deep grey matter

A

basal ganglia

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25
Q

Basal ganglia

A

initiate and terminate body movements; suppresses unwanted movements

26
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus+hypothalamus+epithalamus

27
Q

Thalamus

A

two egg shaped structures stuck together

28
Q

Thalamus is a ___ station

A

Relay; every part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must relay its signal through a nucleus of the thalamus

29
Q

there is ___ a paired nuclei in the thalamus

A

always

30
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls homeostasis; inferior and rostral to the thalamus; many subnuclei; contains pituitary gland

31
Q

3 parts of midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles; cerebral aqueduct; corporal quadrigemina

32
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

composed mostly of the motor tracts from the cortex to the cerebellum and spinal cord (look like columns/pillars supporting the cerebrum; located ventrally)

33
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

passes through center of the midbrain; 3rd->4th ventricle

34
Q

Corporal quadrigemina

A

nuclei that form 4 bumps on the dorsal midbrain;superior colliculi= visual reflexes; inferior colliculi = auditory reflexes

35
Q

Pons

A

bridge of fibers between brainstem and cerebellum; relay of motor information from cortex to the cerebellum

36
Q

ventral brain structure

A

transversely running fibers in the pons

37
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

continuous with superior aspect of the spinal cord; from the foramen magnum to inferior pontine border; pyramids (motor tracts that form bulges on the anterior surface of the medula) & olives (nuclei that form bulges lateral to the pyramids… sensory relay station)

38
Q

Medulla is very important!!WHY?

A

motory and sensory tracts run through the medulla; descending motor tracts cross the midline in the medulla; very important nuclei housed in the medulla; cardiovascular center, respiratory center, vasomotor center, control of vomiting swallowing, sneezing, coughing

39
Q

Arrangement of cerebellum

A

cerebellar cortex: grey matter w/ many folds called folia

Cerebellar white matter: tracts called arbor vitae deep grey matter nuclei

40
Q

Major tract entering/exiting the cerebellum

A

middle cerebellar peduncle: only info in one direction, largest

41
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

coordinates and smooths motor movements equilibrium and balance; some cognition

42
Q

Function of anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum

A

motor coordination

43
Q

Function of flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum

A

balance and equilibrium

44
Q

Describe the spinal cord

A
  1. sensory and motor innervation of whole body (inferior to head)
  2. two way conduction pathway between the brain and the body (inferior to head)
  3. major integration center for reflexes (inferior to head)
45
Q

Gross anatomy of the spinal cord

A

extends from the foramen magnum to L1 vertebra (conus medullaris; cauda equina; filum terminale); cervical enlargement; lumbar enlargement

46
Q

Cauda equina

A

horses tail; spinal nerves

47
Q

What does the filum terminale do?

A

holds the spinal cord in place

48
Q

cervical spinal nerves?

A

8

49
Q

spinal cord segments are typically located ___to where their corresponding spinal nerves emerge through the intervertebral foramina

A

superior

50
Q

White matter is located ___ & grey matter is located ___

A

externally; internally

51
Q

In the spinal cord…Dorsal=? Ventral= ?

A

dorsal = sensory

ventral=motor

52
Q

Afferent

A

Dorsal roots carry info toward the CNS; Sensory

53
Q

Efferent

A

Ventral roots carry info Away from the CNS; Motor

54
Q

Somatic sensory neurons live in the

A

Dorsal root ganglion

55
Q

Somatic motor neurons live in the

A

Ventral horn

56
Q

White matter tracts name?

A

According to where the tract begins and where it ends

57
Q

Spinal cord white matter is made up of

A

Both sensory and motor neurons

58
Q

Ascending tracts =

A

traveling up the spinal chord, sensory

59
Q

Descending tracts=

A

traveling down the spinal cord; motor

60
Q

4 spinal cord segments

A

Cervical: largest amount of white matter and grey matter (cervical enlargement)
Thoracic: least amount of grey matter
Lumbar: large amount of grey matter (lumbar enlargement)
Sacral: least amount of white and grey matter

APK 2100C (10 decks)

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