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apk 2100c > Chapter 14- Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Nervous system made of?

A 
Mixed nerves (contain afferent and efferent axons)- all spinal nerves are mixed nerves
Motor nerves (only efferent axons)
Sensory nerves (only afferent axons)
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2
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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3
Q

Cranial nerves are…

A

Attached to the brain and pass through the skull foramina; numbered with roman numerals from rostral to caudal; each nerve is either motor, sensory or mixed

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4
Q

Identify all 12 cranial nerves from top view of brain

A

:(

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5
Q

CN I: Olfactory

A

Composed of very short fibers; sensory; doesn’t form tight nerve; bipolar neurons that are olfactory neurons; olfactory bulb is not cranial nerve I it is where olfactory nerve synapses

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6
Q

CN II: Optic

A

Axons of the retina converge to form the optic nerve; passes through the optic foramen into the brain; from eye to chiasma; sensory- vision

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7
Q

CN III: oculomotor

A

Motor- moves the eyeball and eyelid; parasympathetic; activates skeletal muscles that move eyeball

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8
Q

Palpebrae=

A

eyelid

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9
Q

CN IV: trochlear

A

Motor- moves the eyeball; smallest CN; only cn from DORSAL brainstem; innervates the superior oblique muscle and that’s all

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10
Q

CN V: trigeminal

A

MIXED

  • Motor: muscles of mastication (chewing only)
  • Sensory: All facial sensations
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11
Q

CN VI: Abducens

A

Motor- moves the eyeball

runs along the middle of pons; activates lateral rectus muscles (ABDUCTS the eyeball)

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12
Q

CN VII: facial

A

MIXED

  • Motor: Facial expression
  • Sensory: taste in anterior 2/3rds of tongue

NOT FOR CHEWING

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13
Q

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

A

Sensory- equilibrium and audition

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14
Q

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal

A

MIXED

  • Sensory: taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  • Motor: swallowing muscles
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15
Q

CN X: Vagus

A

BIGGEST CN Nerve; only one that goes past the neck (fibers innervate most organs of ventral body cavity); MIXED

  • Sensory: visceral sensation and taste from throat region
  • Motor: supplies muscles of the pharynx, larynx and soft palate that are involved in swallowing and vocalization
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16
Q

Effector tissues of the Vagus Nerve

A

Lung, heart, spleen, liver, stomach, kidney, small intestine, colon

17
Q

CN XI: Accessory

A

MOTOR- coordinates head movements

activates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius; through foramen magnum, exit out jugular foramen

18
Q

CN XII: Hypoglossal

A

Underneath tongue, activates tongue; motor tongue movement

Internal muscles change shape of tongue; external muscles are skeletal muscles

19
Q

Mnemonic

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah

Functions: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

20
Q

Is cranial nerve XI attached to the brain?

A

NO

21
Q

How many pairs of MIXED nerves are attached to the spinal cord?

A

31

22
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

For their point of issue from the vertebral column

23
Q

of spinal nerves at each segment corresponds to the number of vertebra except

A

Cervical

24
Q

Below cervical region, all spinal nerves exit ___ their respective vertebra

A

Below

25
Q

If coming from your limbs it will follow what route?

A

Ventral Ramus

26
Q

If coming from your back it follows what route?

A

Dorsal route; sensory must go in dorsal route

27
Q

The _____ of all spinal nerves (except ___) branch and join one another forming an interlacing network of axons

A

Ventral rami; T2-T12

28
Q

The ventral rami primarily serve…

A

the limbs

29
Q

Because of the arrangement of the ventral rami, if a single spinal nerve is damaged does it completely paralyze the limb muscle?

A

NO

30
Q

Back and thorax innervation=

A

Spinal nerves T2-T12
The dorsal rami supply the back of the trunk in a segmented fashion;
The ventral rami of the thorax supplies the remainder of the thorax in a segmented fashion via the intercostal nerves

31
Q

Cervical plexus=

A

C1-C5 spinal nerves; located deep in the neck under the SCM muscle; phrenic nerve (innervation of the diaphragm)

32
Q

What does spinal cord damage superior to C3 to C5 result in?

A

respiratory arrest

33
Q

The brachial plexus

A

Arises from C4-T1; located in neck and axilla region; innervates the shoulders and arms; Ulnar nerve

34
Q

The lumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerve supplies the anterior thigh; obturator nerve supplies the medial thigh (adductors)

Arises from L1-L4; located in psoas major

35
Q

The sacral plexus

A

Arises from L4-S4 spinal nerves; supplies buttocks, hamstrings, and leg; Sciatic nerve= largest in the body, innervates all of lower limb except anterior and medial thigh

36
Q

Coronial is also known as…

A

Fibular

37
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

An area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves;

Clinical relevance? Nerve blocks, localization of injuries

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