Chapter 15- Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is the ANS?

Answer 1

A system of motor neurons that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body; Functions with the hypothalamus (“puppet master”) to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Autonomic activation or inhibition of body systems…

Answer 2

Somatic motor- voluntary- skeletal muscles

Visceral motor- involuntary - sm/card muscle tissue and glands

Question 3

2 Divisions of the ANS

Answer 3

Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) & Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest)

Question 4

Functions of Sympathetic

Answer 4

Fight or flight; responds to stresses (physical and emotional); increase body functions that support physical activity; Decrease digestive and urinary function

Question 5

Functions of parasympathetic

Answer 5

Rest and digest; conserve and restore body energy; decrease body functions that support physical activity; increase digestive and urinary function; activates stomach muscles

Question 6

Know somatic motor vs. autonomic motor chart in CH. 15

Answer 6

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Question 7

Define preganglionic neuron

Answer 7

Soma located in the CNS

Sympathetic: lateral horn of the thoracolumbar spinal cord
Parasympathetic: brainstem or sacral spinal cord

Question 8

Define postganglionic neuron

Answer 8

Soma located in the PNS

Question 9

Autonomic ganglia are located in different places for sympathetic vs parasympathetic branches of the…

Answer 9

ANS

Question 10

Define terminal ganglia

Answer 10

Part of the parasympathetic ganglia; located close to or within the wall of an organ, some located in the head but most located in the gut

Question 11

because terminal ganglia are located so near the effector organ…

Answer 11

Preganglionic axons are long (spinal cord/brain-> ganglia)

Postganglionic axons are short (ganglia -> effector)

Question 12

Preganglionic nerves=

Answer 12

4 cranial nerves + sacral spinal nerves

Question 13

Memorize the cranial nerves in CH 15

Answer 13

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Question 14

Parasympathetic =

Answer 14

Craniosacral outflow

Question 15

CN III (oculomotor)= what parasympathetic function?

Answer 15

Pupillary constriction

Question 16

Parasympathetic function of CN VII (Facial)

Answer 16

Lacrimal gland, salivary glands below the tongue

Question 17

Parasympathetic function of CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Answer 17

Parotid gland

Question 18

Parasympathetic function of CN X (Vagus)

Answer 18

Visceral organs of the thorax and upper 2/3rds of the abdomen; 90% of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the whole body

Question 19

2 sympathetic Ganglia

Answer 19

paravertebral ganglia & prevertebral ganglia

Question 20

Paravertebral Ganglia (chain ganglia)

Answer 20

located in a vertical row to either side of vertebral column; paired

Question 21

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 21

located anterior to the vertebral column near the large abdominal arteries; unpaired

Question 22

Because most of the sympathetic ganglia are near the spinal cord…

Answer 22

Preganglionic axons are short (spinal cord -> ganglion)

Postganglionic axons are long (ganglion -> effector)

Question 23

Parasympathetic = \_\_\_outflow
Sympathetic = \_\_\_ Outflow

Answer 23

Craniosacral; thoracolumbar

Question 24

The Adrenal Medulla

Answer 24

Innermost part of the adrenal gland; highly specialized sympathetic ganglia; specialized neurons without processes; secrete hormones: norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 25

Autonomic tone

Answer 25

balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS; regulated largely by the hypothalamus

Question 26

Autonomic control of the heart

Answer 26

Sympathetic- stimulates the heart to beat faster and harder

Parasympathetic - slows the heart down

Question 27

Autonomic control of the bronchioles

Answer 27

Sympathetic: dilation of bronchioles
Parasympathetic: constriction of bronchioles

(sphincters in bronchioles)

Question 28

Autonomic control of the GI tract

Answer 28

Sympathetic: sphincters close
Parasympathetic: inhibits sphincter closure