Chapter 19 Flashcards
Death is a ____ as well as a _____
Process
State
The experience of death is shaped by the _________________ the end of life
Circumstances surrounding
Clinical death
Period during vial signals are absent but resuscitation is still possible
This is the near death experience
Brain dead
Absences of vital signals, resuscitation is no longer possible
Considered legally dead
Brain death most often occurs after a period of ____ to ____ minutes of clinical death
8-10
Social death
The point at which family members and medical personal treat the person as a corpse
In Canada, ____% of deaths occur in hospitals
67
Hospice care
Emphasizes individual and family control of the process of dying
Death with dignity is more likely if the dying person remains at _______ or in a _________. Which leaves them in contact with friends and family
Home
Home like setting
The hospice care philosophy
Death should be seen as normal, not to be avoided but to be accepted
The patient and family should be encouraged to prepare for death
Family should be involved in patients care
Medical care should be palliative rather than curative
Palliative care
Form of care that focusses on relieving pain rather than cure their diseases
Hospice palliative care helps dying patients and their families to:
Address physical, psychological, social, and spiritual issues as well as their associated expectations
Prepare for and manage life closure and dying process
Cope with loss and grief during illness and bereavement
As an adult, you understand that death is ________, ________, ___________
Irreversible
Comes to everyone
Cessation of all function
_________________ do not understand that death is irreversible, comes to everyone, and means a cessation of all function
Preschool age children
Young children believe death can be ______, through ______________
Reversed
Prayer, magic, or wishful thinking
Teaching young children the ______________ __________ helps them understand what causes death and whys its ______
Nature of biological life
Irreversible
By the age of ___, most children seem to understand the ________ and ________ of death
9
Permanence
Universality
_______ understand the ______ of death better than children do
Adolescents
Finality
______________ about personal death appear to contribute to adolescent suicide (death is a pleasurable experience)
Unrealistic beliefs
______ and _______ ideas about death are affected by personal experiences
Children
Adolescents
Unique invulnerability
The belief that bad things; including death, happen only to others
A sudden loss of a loved one is more traumatic for a _________ individual than an ____________
Younger
Older adult
Personal experiences changes perception of death. Such as, experience with death _______________. Loss of a loved one frequently leads to _______________
May make it less fearful
Leads to suicidal thoughts
The death of relatively _______________ challenge young people’s beliefs in ______________
Young public figures
Unique invulnerability
A death changes the _______ and ________ of everyone else in the family, as well as people beyond the family
Roles
Relationships
In middle age, many individuals switch the way they think about time from ____________ to ____________
Time since birth
Time until death
The most pervasive meaning of death for adults of all age is ______
Loss
Young adults are more concerned about loss of opportunity to __________ and about the loss of ___________
Experience things
Family relationships
The fears of death:
1) the finality of death
2) the uncertainty that follows
3) fear of non existiance
4) the ultimate loss
5) fear of pain or loneliness while dying
6) fear of failing to complete life work
For ____________, the sense of __________ prevents intense fears of death
Young adults
Unique invulnerability
__________ are more fearful of death
Middle aged adults
In middle age, a belief in ones own ________ begins to break down, resulting in increasing anxiety about the end of life
Immortality
By late life, the ____________ has been accepted, and anxieties are focused on how ___________________
Inevitability of death
Death will likely come about
Older adults are more likely to fear the period of _______________ then they are to dear death itself
Uncertainty before death
Both those who are _________ and those who are _______ report less fear of death
Deeply religious
Irreligious
The most fearful may be those who are uncertain or uncommitted to any ______ or _________ traditions
Religious
Philosophical
Religious beliefs may moderate fears of death:
- death is seen as a ________________________________
- the belief that ________________
Transition from one form of life to another
God exists increases with age
Adults who have ___________ or believe they have ______________ has set out to be less fearful of death
Accomplished goals
Become the person they set out to be
The belief that __________ reduces the fear of death
Life has no purpose
Fear of death may be an aspect of despair described in Ericksons ________________ stage
Ego integrity vs despair stage
Health care power of attorney
Specified who can make decisions for an individual in the event they can’t
Teminal decline
An individuals decline in mental functioning accelerates a few years immediately preceding death
Most adults agree that it is important to make _______________
Preparations for death
Practical preparation may include:
Getting life insurance, making a will
Adults may prepare for death through some process of _________
Reminiscence
Those who are near to death become increasingly more ________, ______, _______ and non introspective
Conventional
Docile
Dependant
A sudden drop in ___________________ seems to signal death is near
Crystallized intellectual ability
Kubler-Ross stages of dying
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Thanatology
The scientific study of death or dying
While Kubler-Ross’s stages are universal, criticisms found that not all dying patients _______________
Experience these 5 emotions
Corr 4 tasks of a dying person
1) satisfying bodily needs and minimizing stress
2) maximizing psychological security, and richness of life
3) sustaining significant interpersonal attachments
4) identifying sources of spiritual energy
Greers attitudes for breast cancer
Denial Fighting spirit Stoic acceptance Helplessness Anxious preoccupation
Those whose initial reactions to cancer where ___________ we less likely to die of cancer
Fighting spirits
There is no conclusive evidence that the mind can cure cancer or other diseases. All the same, research shows that mental states and attitudes are associated with healing
This is cool
Grieving
Emotional response to death
Funeral of various types are nearly _____ in all culture. Although across cultures they are ___________
Universal
Very different
The death ritual is only the ____ step in the process of _____, which takes several months to years to college
First
Grieving
Funerals help family members mange their grief by giving them a specific ___________________
Set of role to play
Funerals bring the _______ together. The may help survivors understand the ____________.
Family
Meaning of death
Children display an arrange of behaviours following a death. Such as:
Sad facial expressions
Crying
Loss of appetite
Most children resolve their feeing of grief within the first _______ after the loss
Year
Knowing a loved one is ill and is in danger of death, helps __________________
Children cope with the loss
_____ May be more likely to experience prolonged grief than children or adults
Teens
_______ who cares for spouses during the illness are ______ likely to become depressed after a death
Widows
Less
A death, such as ____________, May provide closure and act as the death didn’t happen without purpose
Soldier in war or a police officer
Sudden and violent deaths evoke a more ____________
Intense grief response
If someone commits Suicide, survivors may experience feelings of ________________. They may feel that they could have done something to prevent suicide. They are _____ likely to discuss the loss.
Rejection and anger
Less
Pathological grief
Persistent symptoms of depression brought on by the death of a loved one
Immune system functions are _______ somewhat immediately after the death of a spouse. Most return to normal by a _____ after the death
Suppressed
Year
In the years following bereavement, the incidence of _______ among _______ rises substantially. While rates of death and disease rise ________
Depression
Windows / widowers
Slightly
Death of a spouse is more negative for _____ than ______
Men
Women
Risk of death from natural causes or suicide is higher in ____ immediately after death of spouse
Men
Grief symptoms for more than _________ following the loss of a loved one may indicate _______
2 months
Pathological grief
Grief lasting longer than ______ can lead to long term ______
6 months
Depression
Widespread that ______ should cause digress and disruption is wrong. Almost everyone experiences ________ but few people need psychological treatment
Grief
Bereavement
Recognize that a ____________ is healthy and normal
Resilient grief trajectory
The ______ apporach and support groups can be helpful for people who experience _______, but it’s can be harmful for ______ peolle
Talk it out
Pathological grief
Resilient
