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Psychology 220 > Chapter 13 and 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 and 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Early adulthood age

A

20-40

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2
Q

Two types of aging

A

Primary and secondary

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3
Q

Primary aging

A

Age related physical change that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable

Grey hair, wrinkles

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4
Q

Secondary aging

A

Age related changes that are due to social and environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease

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5
Q

20-34 years olds rarely die from _____

A

Diseases

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6
Q

Rich people are generally _______ and _______ than the poor

A

Healthier

Live longer

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7
Q

Socioeconomic inequality

A

Spread between rich and poor

Big factor for who lives longer

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8
Q

Influences of health

A

50% socioeconomic factors
25% healthcare
15% biology / genetics
10% physical environment

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9
Q

Biological embedding

A

First few years of a child’s life cause epigenetic modifications in the brain, that determines trajectory of a person health

Sick as a kid a lot = sick as adult a lot
Healthy as a kid = healthy as adult

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10
Q

Health adjusted life expectancy

A

Number of years a new born is expected to live

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11
Q

Disability-adjusted life years

A

Measure of gap between populations ideal and actual levels of health

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12
Q

Brain and nervous system

No matter what age, your brain is always ____ and going through ______

A

Pruning

Myelinzation

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13
Q

Response inhibition

A

Ex: giving each answer of multiple choice test a fair weight

“Bite your tongue” when taking to not say the wrong thing

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14
Q

Limbic system

A

Part of brain that regulates emotional responses

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15
Q

Adults in their 20’s have more _______, maximum bone calcium, more ______, better _____, hearing, and _______

A

More muscle tissue

More brain mass

Better eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell

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16
Q

Maximum oxygen uptake (V02 max)

A

Measure of the body’s ability to take in and transport oxygen to various body organs

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17
Q

The older you get, the less __———

A

Muscle strength you have

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18
Q

Women in their 30’s have a higher risk for _____ and other complications

A

Miscarriage

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19
Q

The ability to conceive is the best in:

A

The late teens and early 20’s

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20
Q

Men’s reproductive capacity declines but

A

Far slower than women

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21
Q

2 keys organs in the immune system are:

A

The thymus gland and the bone marrow

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22
Q

Between the thymus gland and bone marrow, they create two types of cells, what are they?

A

B cells

T cells

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23
Q

B cells

A

Fight against external threats by producing antibodies against such diseases

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24
Q

T cells

A

Defend against estentially internal threats, such as transplanted tissue and cancer cells

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25
Q

Changes in the ____ gland tend to be central to the _____ process

A

Thymus gland

Aging process

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26
Q

In every age group, those with poorer health, __________

A

Have a greater risk of mortality

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27
Q

7 hood health habits

A

1) get physical exercise
2) do not smoke
3) do not drink
4) do not over or under eat
5) do not snack
6) eat breakfast
7) get regular sleep

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28
Q

The importance of social support

A

Adults with social support show better health then adults without it

Have strong social ties!! It keeps you healthy

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29
Q

Locus of control

A

Set of beliefs about the cause of events

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30
Q

STI’s are most popular with ____ and the most popular STI is _______

A

Young adults

Chlamydia

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31
Q

HIV is on the rise in ______, ______, ______ and _______ people

A

Heterosexuals
Homosexuals
Females
Indigenous

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32
Q

How many people in Canada have aids?

A

Over 70,000

17,000 are female

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33
Q

Intimate partner violence

A

Physical acts or other behavior intended to intimidate or harm an intimate partner

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34
Q

8/10 victims on violence are

A

Women

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35
Q

Both men and women are at higher risk of violence from ______ is than _______

A

Dating partners

Spouses

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36
Q

Gay, lesbian, or bio sexual peolple are ___ times as likely to be victims of______

A

3x

Violence

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37
Q

Characteristics of the abuser

A 
Jealously
Sudden mood swings
Quick temper
Aggressive men
Alcohol or drug use
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38
Q

Characteristics of victim

A

Abused as child
Young women (16-24)
Alcohol or drug users

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39
Q

How abused peolple are affected

A

They’re upset, confused, or frustrated

May consider suicide to escape

Jobs may suffer

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40
Q

Preventing intimate partner abuse

A

Vigorous law enforcement could help

Training programs for police and nurses may help

School learning

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41
Q

Sexual assault

A

Any form of sexual activity with another person without their consent

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42
Q

3 levels of sexual assault

A

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

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43
Q

Level 1 of sexual assault

A

Kissing, touching, oral or anal sex, intercourse

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44
Q

Level 2 of sexual assault

A

Sexual assault with a weapon or resulting in bodily harm

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45
Q

Level 3 sexual assault

A

Aggravated sexual assault

Wounding, maiming, disfiguring

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46
Q

Sexual assault has psychological effects. Such as _______ and ___________

A

Sexual dysfunctions

Post traumatic stress disorder

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47
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Serious mental disorder characterized by disturbances of thought as delusions or hallucinations

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48
Q

The risk of every metal health disorder is higher in __________

A

Early adulthood than late adulthood

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49
Q

Early adulthood is when you have the highest expectations and the highest levels of:

A

Role conflict and role strain

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50
Q

Many mental health disorders are believed to come from:

A

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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51
Q

Mental disorder tend to:

A

Run in families

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52
Q

Most common mental disorders are those associated with:

A

Fear and anxiety

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53
Q

Anxiety disorders include:

A

Phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, and panic disorder

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54
Q

Stressors of young adulthood lead to serious disturbances in _____, _____ and _____ functioning that aren’t easy to treat

A

Cognitive
Emotional
Social

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55
Q

To be diagnosed with a disorder, you must

A

Exhibiting behavior since mid or later adolescence

Demonstrate the behavior consistently across all kinds of situations

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56
Q

Personality disorder types

A 
Antisocial
Paranoid
Histrionic 
Narcissistic 
Borderline
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57
Q

What % of Canadians have schizophrenia

A

1%

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58
Q

Alcohol and drug abuse peak in the years of

A

18-40

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59
Q

Binge drinking often leads to:

A

Higher rates of unprotected sex, physical injury, drunk driving, issue with police

60
Q

Four factors that influence a drugs addictiveness

A

1) how fast it kicks in
2) how pleasurable the effects are
3) how long the pleasure lasts
4) how much discomfort is felt

61
Q

Post formal thought

A

Types of thinking that are associated with a hypothesized fifth stage of cognitive development

62
Q

Relativism

A

Idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as true or false

63
Q

Dialectical thought

A

Form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertaincy

64
Q

Reflective judgment

A

Ability to identify the underlying assumption or differing perspectives on controversial issues

65
Q

IQ score remain ____ over the years

A

Stable

66
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Depends heavily on intelligence and experiences

67
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Basic abilities

68
Q

Post secondary education

A

Any formal education experience that follows high school

69
Q

Canada is ranked #1 in the world for:

A

Post secondary education

70
Q

Canadians run the risk of being :

A

Overqualified and underemployed

71
Q

Soft skills

A

Having a positive attitude and people relationship skills

72
Q

Shortage of youth in

A

Trades

73
Q

Intimacy vs isolation

A

Ericksons early adulthood stage in which an individual must find a life partner or supportive friends to avoid social isolation

74
Q

Intimacy

A

Capacity to engage in a supportive affectionate relationship, without losing ones own sense of self

75
Q

Success in intimacy versus isolation stage depends on:

A

A good resolution of the identity vs role confusion crisis

76
Q

Life structure

A

Levinson theory: the underlying pattern or design of a persons life at a given time. Including roles,, relationships, and behavior patterns

77
Q

Adults cycle through periods of :

A

Stability and instability

78
Q

Levinsons period of adjustment

A

Noice stage

79
Q

Levinsons stage where adults become more competent at meeting the challenges through reassessment and reorginization of the life structure they created during novice stage

A

Mid-era phase

80
Q

Levinson stage where stability returns and adults have succeeded in creating a life structure that allows them to manage the demands of the new developmental challenges with more confidence and less distress

A

Culmination

81
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

Period from the late teens to early 20’s where individuals explore options prior to committing to adult roles

82
Q

Intimate relationships form the _______ from which most young adults move out into the adult world

A

Secure base

83
Q

Marriages in Canada are quickly starting to mirror out _______ _______

A

Sociodemograhpic diversity

84
Q

Evolutionary theories

A

Often cite research on sex differences in mate preferences and mating behaviours to support their views

85
Q

Men prefer:

A

Physically attractive younger women

86
Q

Women look for men with:

A

Higher socioeconomic status, offering earning potential and stability

87
Q

Parental investment theory

A

Sex difference in mate preference and mating behavior are based on the different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child rearing

88
Q

Social role theory

A

The idea that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptions to gender roles

89
Q

People are drawn to each other who

A

Are of similar age, education, social class, ethnic group, religion, attitude

90
Q

Assertive mating (homogamy)

A

Sociologist term for the tendency to mate with some one who has traits similar to ones own

91
Q

Average age for marriage in women and men

A
  1. 1 women

31. 1 men

92
Q

3 factors of marriage

A

Attachment

Love

Conflict managent

93
Q

Large majority of adults believe that _____ issues are more important than _______ aspects

A

Intimacy

Material

94
Q

In marriage, each partner brings ____,______, and ______

A

Skills, resources, and traits

95
Q

Attitudes towards marriage does what

A

Affects the marital stability

96
Q

Adults create internal models of ______ to their sprouse that reseblmes their attachment to their _______

A

Attachment

Parents

97
Q

Sternberg suggested 3 key components of love, what are they

A

Intimacy, passion, and commitment

98
Q

With the 3 theories of sternbergs love, how many possibilities are there

A

7

99
Q

Sternbergs intimacy

A

Feelings that promote closeness and connectedness

100
Q

Sternbergs passion

A

Feelings of intense longing for union with the other person

101
Q

Sternbergs commitment

A

Sticking with that partner for a long time

102
Q

Three types of couples

A

Validating couples
Volatile couples
Avoidant couples

103
Q

Validating couples

A

Partners who express mutual respect, even in arguemnets and are good listeners

104
Q

Volatile couples

A

Argue a lot, don’t listen well, but still have positive and negative interactions

105
Q

Avoidant couples

A

Partners who “agree to disagree” and minimize conflict by avoiding each other

106
Q

Two types of unsuccessful marriages

A

Hostile/engaged couples

Hostile/detached couples

107
Q

Hostile / engaged couples

A

Have frequent arguments

Lack humour and affection

108
Q

Hostile / detached couples

A

Fight regularly, rarely look at each other, and lack affection and support

109
Q

What percentage of marriages will end in divorce within 30 years of marriage

A

38%

110
Q

Men typically divorce at age ____ while women divorce at age ____

A
  1. 1 men

40. 5 women

111
Q

The average marriage lasts ___ many years

A

15

112
Q

Divorce typically leads to an increase in _________

A

Mental health problems

113
Q

Men are ___times more likely to become _____ following a marital breakdown

A

3x

Depressed

114
Q

Women are ___times more likely to become ______ after marital breakdown

A

2.5

Depressed

115
Q

Most men leave a marriage with far more __________ than women. But, women typically gain _____ of the kids.

Divorce women typically make below the normal _____ and men typically continue to prosper

A

Earning power

Custody

Income

116
Q

Studies show that those who cohabit before marriage have a

A

2 times more likely divorce rate

117
Q

Living apart together

A

Intimate partners who do not live together

118
Q

/ same sex couples are married, while the rest live common law

A

1/3

119
Q

____ and _____ partners are often more dependent on each other for social support

A

Gay and lesbian

120
Q

Mature singles who _______________ do not value being part of a couple or family

A

Do not intend to marry

121
Q

Many singles still have___________

A

Intimate relationships

122
Q

What percentage of people do not wants kids

A

6-9% of Canadians

123
Q

___% of parents beloved parenting is the most important thing they could do

A

92%

124
Q

New parents may ______ about ________ philosophies

A

Argue

Child rearing

125
Q

Between ___ to ___% of new mother experience postpartum depression

A

10-25

126
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Severe mood disturbance resulting in feelings of sadness

127
Q

Positive behavior changes such as ________, often accompany parenthood

A

Risky bevahious

128
Q

Martial satisfaction is at its peak before the birth of ________ and remains low until the __________ leave home

A

The first child

Last child

129
Q

Motherhood earnings gap

A

Measure showing how much the earnings of women with children are below those of women without children

130
Q

Couples without children reported more _______ then couples with children

A

Cohesion

131
Q

Women without children are likely to have

A

Full time careers

132
Q

Kin-keeper

A

Family role, typically upheld by female, that holds the responsibility for maintaining family and friends relationships

133
Q

Family relationships are held by _____

A

Proximity

134
Q

Friends are chosen the same as _____

A

Mates

135
Q

Women typically have more __________. That involve close, _____ relationships

A

Close friends

Intimate

136
Q

Male friends are less ______ and still like to ______

A

Emotional

Compete

137
Q

Young people tend to choose careers that

A

Are in the same social class as parents

138
Q

People personalities often play a large factor in their choice of ____

A

Jobs

139
Q

Career development

A

Process of adapting to the workplace, managing career transitions, and pursuing goals through employment

140
Q

Supers stages of career development

A

Growth stage
Exploratory stage
Establishment stage
Mantenance stage

141
Q

Growth stage

A

Birth to 14

Learn our abilities and interests

142
Q

Exploratory stage

A

15-24

Decide on job or career

143
Q

Establishment stage

A

25-45

Has a job, now must build career latter

144
Q

Maintenance stage

A

45-retirement

Protect and maintain gains

Keep up with younger workers

145
Q

Job satisfaction is at its lowest in

A

Early adulthood

146
Q

__/___ Canadian families with at least one kid have two full time employee parents

A

7/10

147
Q

How many years does it take a Canadian youth to make the transition from school to full-time work

A

7 years

Psychology 220 (10 decks)

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