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Psychology 220 > Chapter 15 and 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 and 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Middle adulthood age

A

Age 40-60

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2
Q

Changes or declines in many ___________ occur very gradually through the ____ and _____

A

Physical function

40
50’s

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3
Q

Middle adulthood is typically known as the peak for ______ and ______

A

Intellectual and creative peak

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4
Q

What new technology helps us with our brain?

A

MRI

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5
Q

________ matter volume crests during middle adulthood, while _____ matter volume continues to decline. The decline doesn’t stop until about ____ years old

A

White
Grey
60

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6
Q

New synapses are continuing to form, although more synapses are _____ than formed

A

Loss

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7
Q

What is the general rule for the brain

A

Areas of the brain that develop last ate the ones that begin to decline first.

Namely, areas located in frontal and partial lobes

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8
Q

The brains of _____ and ______ adults respond differently to sensory stimuli

A

Middle Aged

Younger

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9
Q

In everyday situations requiring intense concentration and rapid judgements (like driving a car)_________ perform better than ______

A

Middle aged adults

Younger adults

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10
Q

Climacteric

A

The years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

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11
Q

Menopause

A

The stopping of monthly menstrual cycles in middle aged women

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12
Q

In men, the ______ is extremely gradual, with a slow loss of reproductive capacity

A

Climacteric

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13
Q

Average age of menopause is:

A

50

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14
Q

3 stages of menopause

A

Premenopausal phase

Perimenopausal phase

Postmenopausal phase

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15
Q

Premenopausal stage

A

Stage of menopause where estrogen levels fall somewhat, menstural periods are less regular, and anovulatory cycles begin to occur

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16
Q

Anovultaory cycle

A

Menstrual cycle where no ovum is released

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17
Q

Perimenopausal phase

A

Stage of menopause where estrogen and progesterone levels are erratic, meastrual cycles are very irregular, and women begin to experience hot flashes

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18
Q

The _______ phase of menopause often causes sleep deprivation due to ____________ which make women feel they’re going crazy

A

Perimenopausal phase

Hot flashes

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19
Q

Postmenopasual phase

A

Last stage of menopause. Women is in this stage when it’s been a year or more with no period

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20
Q

Experts have reported no connection between __________ and ___________

A

Menopausal status

Major depressive disorder

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21
Q

Women with significant symptoms and whose symptoms last the longest experience the most _______ and _________

A

Depression

Negative moods

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22
Q

A great majority of middle aged adults remain ___________. Although frequency of _____ declines

A

Sexually active

Sex

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23
Q

Most physical symptoms and effects of _____ can be dramatically reduced by taking ______ and _______

A

Menopause

Estrogen
Progesterone

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24
Q

A low dosage of estrogen and progesterone acts the same as _____ alone; but without the increases risk of _______

A

Estrogen

Cancer

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25
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones

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26
Q

Bone loss, aka osteoporosis begins at what age

A

30

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27
Q

Major consequences of bone loss density puts women at age_____ at higher risk for _____

A

50

Fractures

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28
Q

How osteoporosis can be prevented

A

Getting enough calcium by early adulthood

Getting regular exercise

Getting a bone mineral density test

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29
Q

Presbyopia

A

Norms loss of visual activity with aging, especially the ability to focus the eyes on near objects

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30
Q

Presbycusis

A

Normal loss of hearing with aging

Specifically high frequency tones

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31
Q

Hearing loss accelerates after age:

A

55

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32
Q

There is a correlation between ________ and _______

A

Older age

Working out / physical activity

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33
Q

The leading cause of death in middle adulthood is ________

A

Cancer

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34
Q

Men have a ____% chance of developing cancer

A

45

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35
Q

Women have a ____% chance of developing cancer

A

42

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36
Q

From dying of cancer, men have a ___% while women have a ___%

A

29 for men

24 for women

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37
Q

The most popular cancer type is :

A

Lung cancer

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38
Q

Cardio-vascular disease (CVD)

A

A set of disease processes in the heart and circulatory system

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39
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Narrowing of the arteries caused my deposits of plaque, a fatty substance

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40
Q

Type A personality

A

Personality types associated with greater risk of coronary heart disease

It includes time urgency, hostility and aggressiveness, achievement striving

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41
Q

Type D personality (D for Distress)

A

Chronic pattern of emotional distress, tendency to suppress negative emotions

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42
Q

_____ life expetency is higher than ______

A

Women’s

Men’s

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43
Q

Women live longer, but they have more _____ and _____

A

Diseases and disabilities

44
Q

Men die younger but are ______ while they’re alive

A

Healthier

45
Q

Canadian men and women report improved _________ with increasing age

A

Mental health

46
Q

Adults diagnosed with mental health issues earlier in their lives still have ___________

A

Difficulties in the Middle Ages

47
Q

Alcoholism

A

Physical and psychological dependence on alcohol

48
Q

Nancy Denney: changes with age on nearly any measure of physical or cognitive functioning ______________

A

Follow a typical curve

49
Q

Any skills that is not fully exercised can be improved, even in old age, of that Individual ___________

A

Exercises that ability

50
Q

Selective optimization with compensation

A

The process of balencing the gains and losses associated with aging

51
Q

It is often hard to seperate the effects of ____ and _________ because they happen at the same time

A

Primary and secondary aging

52
Q

Those with some kind of CVD shoe ealier and larger declines on ______________

A

Intellectual tests

53
Q

Wheh in doubt, the answer is ______

A

Exercise

Higher test scores, lower levels of diseases and greater longevity

54
Q

Major deficits in memory and cognition do not occur until between age ___ to ____

A

60 to 65

55
Q

Episodic memory

A

Recollections of personal events

56
Q

Semantic memory

A

Recollections of general knowledge, facts, and word meanings

57
Q

By using reminders or cues, middle aged adults are proficient with over coming ______________ limitation

A

Episodic memory

58
Q

Most adults maintain or even gain skills on any task they _______ or is based on ________

A

Practice

Specific learning

59
Q

Middle aged adults outperform those who are younger on tasks that involve ______ and _______ reading material

A

Comprehending and remembering

60
Q

Creativity

A

The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas or solutions to problems

61
Q

Typical scientists best work is when they’re _____ years old

A

40’s - 50’s

62
Q

Generativity vs stagnation stage

A

The 7th stage of Erickson, in which middle aged adults find meaning in contributing to the development of younger individuals

63
Q

Generativity

A

Sense that one is making valuable contribution to society by bringing up children or mentoring young people

64
Q

_______ is positively related to mental health at this age, and is a more prominent theme for _____ than for ______

A

Generativity

Women then men

65
Q

Cultures that encourage respect for _______ by its _______ citizens have higher levels of generative acts and wel being in older citizens

A

Elders

Younger

66
Q

Valiant argued that there is a stage between ______ and _______ called ______________

A

Intimacy and generativity

Career consolidation

67
Q

Career consolidation

A

Creation of a new social network for which the middle aged adults primary work serves as a hub

68
Q

Following generativity vs stagnation is another stage called ___________

A

Keeper of the meaning

69
Q

Keeper of the meaning

A

Middle aged adults focus on preserving the institutions and values of their culture that they believe will benefit future generations

70
Q

Midlife crisis theory

A

People no longer focus on “time since birth” and now see life as “time left before death”

71
Q

Typically, midlife crisis happen at this age

A

Roughly 40

72
Q

Life events approach

A

Theoretical perspective on middle adulthood that focuses on normative and non-normative events and how adults in this age group respond to them

73
Q

Role conflict

A

Any situation in which two or more roles are at least partially incompatible, either because they call for different behaviours or because their seperate demand add up to more hours then there are in days

Helping dad fix the garage or going to some baseball game

74
Q

Role strain

A

The strain experienced by an individual whose own qualities or skills do not measure up to the demands of some role

75
Q

Martial stability and satisfaction ______ on mid-life as conflicts over child-rearing and other matters ________

A

Increase

Decline

76
Q

_____ friendships increase while __________ friendships decrease

A

Shared

Non-shared

77
Q

Skilled diplomacy

A

A problem solving skill that involves the confrontation of the spouse about an issue, followed by a period during which the confronting spouse works to restore harmony

78
Q

Skilled diplomacy is often seen more in _____

A

Women / wives

79
Q

Multigenerational caregivers

A

Middle aged adults who are caring both for elderly parents and young adult children at the same time

Called the Sandwhich generation

80
Q

Caregiver burden

A

The cumulative negative effects of caring for an elderly or disabled person

81
Q

Nearly __% of Canadians caregivers are experiencing the mid life squeeze

A

30

82
Q

Even though these caregivers experience stress and other factors for taking care of so many people, it’s crucial to understand that:

A

The vast majority of these caregivers still experience personal satisfaction or enjoyment from providing assistance to care recipient

83
Q

Almost __/__ Canadian adults become grandparents

A

6/10

84
Q

3 basic styles of grand parenting

A

1) companionate relationships
2) remote relationships
3) involved relationships

85
Q

Companionate relationships don’t

A

Grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions with other grandchildren

86
Q

Remote relationships

A

Grandparents do not see their grandchildren often

87
Q

Involved relationships

A

Grandparents are directly involved in the everyday care of grandchildren or have close emotional ties with them

88
Q

The total number of friends in mid adulthood is _____ than that in younger adulthood

A

Lower

89
Q

Friendships depends less on ____________ than on a sense that friends are there to provide ___________

A

Frequent contact

Social support

90
Q

The big 5 personality traits are relatively ______ from childhood to adult age

A

Stable

91
Q

In adult age, ______, _______, and _______ decline

A

Openness, extraversion, and neuroticism

92
Q

______, and ———— increases until age 70

A

Agreeableness and conscientiousness

93
Q

________ become less negative over time

A

Women

94
Q

Personality is an important contributor to middle aged adults capacity for _____________

A

Managing stress

95
Q

Burnout

A

Lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that results from chronic stress

96
Q

Selection

A

Involved narrowing ones range of activities, by focussing on only the most central tasks, giving responsibility to others

97
Q

Optimization

A

Involves the deliberate “exercise” of crucial abilities so as to remain as close to maximum skill as possible

98
Q

Compensation

A

Involves pragmatic strategies for overcoming specific obstacles, such as getting stronger glasses or better hearing aids

99
Q

Selective optimization with compensation steps

A

Selection
Optimization
Compensation

100
Q

Emplyees tend to favour ______ people as new employees

A

Younger

101
Q

Involuntary career changes often experience more ________ disorders and ___________. Financial stress and martial issues. To overcome this, people need strong _____________

A

Mental health

Physical illness

Supportive relationships

102
Q

All the bad impacts from involuntary career change are immediately reversed once:

A

You get another job

103
Q

Voluntary career change

A

Leave on career to pursue another for a variety of reasons such as a more fulfilling job

104
Q

Involuntary nonmobility

A

Particularly when a worker remains in a non preferred job but can’t find work anywhere else

105
Q

Many middle aged adults start preparing for retiring ____ years in advance

A

15

106
Q

Bridge employment

A

Typically a job that is related to the retiree career but is less demanding than the job from which she is retiring

107
Q

Financial literacy

A

Knowing how much to save up for retirement

Psychology 220 (10 decks)

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