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Med Term > Chapter 18 - Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

scerla

A

tough white outer coat of the eyeball

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2
Q

conjunctiva

A

membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

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3
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior part of the eye

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4
Q

choroid

A

the middle, vascular coat of the eye, between the sclera and the retina

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5
Q

iris

A

pigmented membrane behind the cornea, perforated by the pupil

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6
Q

pupil

A

opening in the center through which light enters the eye

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7
Q

lens

A

transparent body separating the posterior chamber and constituting the refracting mechanism of the eye

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8
Q

ciliary muscle

A

eye muscle capable of changing lens shape during contraction and relaxation

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9
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery liquid in chamber in the front of the lends; it circulates through the anterior chamber of the eye

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10
Q

vitreous humor

A

jellylike transparent substance in the posterior chamber

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11
Q

retina

A

innermost layer of the eyeball, containing elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli

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12
Q

amblyopia

A

dimness of vision without a detectable organic lesion of the eye; related to absence, weakness, or paralysis of an eye muscle

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13
Q

astigmatism

A

condition characterized by irregular cornea and lens of the eye; corrected with lenses

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14
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

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15
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid

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16
Q

cataract

A

opaque (not clear) lens of the eye

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17
Q

chalazion

A

a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of meibomian gland

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18
Q

color blindness

A

popular term for any deviation from normal perception of color

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19
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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20
Q

corneal ulcer

A

a local inflammation of the cornea caused by injury or inflammation

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21
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammation of a lacrimal gland

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22
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

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23
Q

dacryolith

A

a lacrimal calculus (stone)

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24
Q

detached retina

A

separation of the inner layers of the retina from the pigment epithelium

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25
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

scarring of the capillaries of the retina as a consequence of DM of long duration. retinal effects of DM include abnormal dilation of the retinal veins, hemorrhage, microaneurysms, and neocascularization (new blood vessels forming near the optic disk causing leakage of blood). these effects cause a permanent decline in vision and will lead to blindness. diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the US

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26
Q

floaters (in vitreous)

A

“spots before the eyes”; these deposits in the vitreous of the eye usually move about and are probably a benign degenerative charge. also seen in hypertension

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27
Q

foreign body in the eye

A

any object not belonging to the eye; hazards depending on circumstances

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28
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disease characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure related to alterations in circulation of vitreous humor, causing pathologic changes and visual defects

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29
Q

hemorrhage (subconjunctival)

A

blood escaping from the vessels, and bleeding from beneath the conjunctiva

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30
Q

herpes zoster (ophthalmic)

A

involving the fifth cranial nerve (forehead, eyelid, and cornea), this infection by a herpes virus can be serious

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31
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness, e.g., the person cannot read a book

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32
Q

injury

A

eye injuries include foreign bodies, contusions, lacerations, burns, etc.

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33
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

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34
Q

keratoconus

A

conical protrusion of the central part of the cornea

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35
Q

macular degeneration

A

deterioration of the macula of the eye, resulting in a severe loss of central vision in the affected eye

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36
Q

meibomian cyst

A

a small localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretion of the meibomian glands. a nonmalignant condition; often requires surgery for correction

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37
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rapid movement (horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed, i.e., of two types) of the eyeball

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38
Q

papilledema

A

edema of the optic disk

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39
Q

presbyopia`

A

diminution of accommodation of the lens of the eye caused by loss of elasticity, normally occurring with aging; farsightedness

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40
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid

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41
Q

retinitis

A

inflammation of the retina

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42
Q

retinoblastoma

A

a tumor arising from the retinal cells

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43
Q

retinopathy

A

any disease of the retina

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44
Q

strabismus

A

squint; deviation of the eye from normal; crossed eyes; usually correctable

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45
Q

stye (or hordeolum)

A

inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid

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46
Q

tranchoma

A

a contagious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, and lacrimation; uncommon

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47
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of the uvea (iris and blood vessels)

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48
Q

cataract extraction

A

a surgical excision of the lens of the eye. special lenses or glasses are prescribed

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49
Q

cryoextraction

A

application of extremely low temperatures for the removal of a cataractous lens

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50
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

fixation of a detached retina using extremely low temperature instead of the laser beam

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51
Q

dacryocystotomy

A

incision of the lacrimal sac and duct

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52
Q

enucleation

A

surgical removal of the eye

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53
Q

fundoscopy

A

examination and study of the fundus of the eye by means of an ophthalmoscope

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54
Q

gonioscopy

A

instrument for demonstrating ocular motility and rotation

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55
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of part of the iris

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56
Q

iridencleisis

A

excision of part of the iris in glaucoma

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57
Q

keratoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the cornea; corneal grafting

58
Q

laster photocoagulation

A

using the laser beam to treat retinal detachment

59
Q

pterygium surgery

A

growth of the conjunctiva: neovascularization that invades the cornea; it can be removed surgically

60
Q

slit lamp

A

an instrument used in ophthalmology for examining the conjunctiva, lens, vitereous humor, iris, and cornea. a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit and a cross-section of the illuminated part of the eye is examined through a magnifying lens

61
Q

tonometer

A

instrument for measuring tension or pressure, especially intraocular pressure

62
Q

tonometry

A

measurement of tension or pressure, e.g., intraocular pressure

63
Q

trabeculectomy

A

excision of fibrous bands or connective tissue

64
Q

vitrectomy

A

aspiration of vitreous fluid and replacement with saline solution

65
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at various distances

66
Q

anisocoria

A

inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes

67
Q

Braille

A

a system of printing for the blind consisting of raised dots and prints that can be read by touch

68
Q

canal of Schlemm

A

opening though which aqueous humor must flow out or pressure in the eye increases resulting in glaucoma

69
Q

canthus (pl., canthi)

A

the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids

70
Q

CC

A

with correction (glasses or lenses)

71
Q

cryoprobe

A

an instrument for applying extreme cold to tissue

72
Q

cystitome

A

an instrument for opening the lens capsule

73
Q

diopter

A

unit of measure for lenses

74
Q

electronystagmography

A

recordings of eye movements to provide objective documentation of induced and spontaneous nystagmus

75
Q

emmetropia

A

normal vision

76
Q

eye bank

A

storage for donor organs

77
Q

fundus

A

the back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthaloscope

78
Q

funduscope (or ophthalmoscope)

A

an instrument containing a perforated mirror and lenses used to examine the interior of the eye; also spelled “fundoscope”

79
Q

guide dogs

A

trained dogs for the blind; also called seeing-eye dogs

80
Q

lacrimation

A

secretion and discharge of tears

81
Q

laser

A

a device that transfers light of various frequencies into an extremely intense, small beam of radiation. it is used as a tool in surgery, in diagnosis, and in physiologic studies

82
Q

lensometer

A

device for obtaining eyeglass prescriptions

83
Q

miotic (or myotic)

A

a drug that causes contraction of the pupil

84
Q

mydriatic

A

a drug that dilates the pupil

85
Q

OD

A

abbreviation for oculus dexter (right eye)

86
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

instrument containing a perforated mirror and lenses, used to examine the interior of the eye; also called funduscope

87
Q

OS

A

abbreviation for oculus sinister (left eye)

88
Q

OU

A

abbraviation for oculus uterque (each eye) or oculus unitas (both eyes)

89
Q

peripheral vision

A

vision at the outer edges when the eyes are looking straight ahead

90
Q

PERRLA (or PERLA)

A

acronym for Pupils Equal, round, React to Light, Accommodation

91
Q

refractive error

A

the determination of the refractive errors of the eye and their correction with glasses or lenses

92
Q

SC

A

without correction (glasses or lenses)

93
Q

Snellen eye chart

A

one of the several charts used in testing visual acuity. letters, numbers, or symbols are arranged on the cart in decreasing size from top to bottom

94
Q

visual acuity (VA)

A

clarity or clearness of vision

95
Q

20/20 vision

A

a person who can read what the average person can read at 20 feet has 20/20 vision

96
Q

external ear

A

auricle (or pinna) or ear canal

97
Q

middle ear

A

separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane; consists of three bones: malleus, incus, and stapes

98
Q

inner ear

A

the complex inner structures of the ear: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea, composing the membranous labyrinth

99
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the thing partition between the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear

100
Q

tympanum

A

eardrum (middle ear)

101
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

102
Q

eustachian tube

A

a tube, lined with mucous membrane, that joins the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity; accomplishes equalization of air pressure

103
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

a benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain. this tumor causes tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing. small tumors may be surgically resected or removed by radiation therapy

104
Q

cholesteatoma

A

a collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear. these cystlike masses are most often the result of chronic otitis media, but may also be a congenital defect. could lead to conductive hearing loss, occlusion of the middle ear, destruction of ossicles, and inner ear erosion. symptoms include weakness of facial muscles, drainage from the affected ear, vertigo, and earache.

105
Q

conduction deafness

A

hearing loss that occurs when the conduction of sound waves through the external and middle ear to the inner ear is impaired

106
Q

deafness

A

lacking the sense of hearing; hearing impairment

107
Q

eustachian salpingitis

A

inflammation of the eustachian tubes

108
Q

furunculosis

A

a skin infection affecting the ear canal

109
Q

impacted cerumen

A

cerumen impacted firmly into the ear

110
Q

larbyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear); otitis interna

111
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells (of the temporal bone)

112
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

deafness, tinnitus, and dizziness; causes unknown

113
Q

myringitis

A

inflammation of the tympanic membrane

114
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external ear

115
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

116
Q

otoscelerosis

A

akylosis of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss

117
Q

presbycusis

A

progressive hearing loss in some elderly persons

118
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

also called nerve deafness, this type of hearing loss results from physical damage to the hair cells, the vesticulocochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex. this condition may occur because of again. explosions, extremely loud noises, such as from machinery or loud music, and some antibiotics can damage the hair cells in the organ of Corti, creating partial to complete deafness. other causes include brain tumors, strokes, infections trauma, vascular disorders, and degenerative diseases

119
Q

fenestration

A

the surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for restoration of hearing in otosclerosis

120
Q

mastoidectomy

A

excision of the mastoid cells or the mastoid process

121
Q

myringotomy

A

incision of the tympanic membrane; tympanotomy with placement of tubes to maintain drainage

122
Q

otoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the ear (pinna)

123
Q

stapedectomy

A

excision of the stapes

124
Q

tympanoplasty

A

plastic surgery on the eardrum

125
Q

tympanotomy

A

myringotomy; incision of the tympanic membrane

126
Q

acoustic meatus

A

opening or passage in the ear

127
Q

AD

A

auris dextra, right ear

128
Q

AS

A

auris sinistra, left ear

129
Q

AU

A

aures unitas (both ears) or auris uterque (each ear)

130
Q

audiometer

A

a device for testing the hearing

131
Q

audiometrist

A

person who performs hearing tests

132
Q

auditory (or acoustic)

A

pertaining to the ear; sense of hearing

133
Q

decibel

A

a unit of measure of the intensity of sound

134
Q

hearing aid

A

a device used to increase the intensity of sound

135
Q

hearing-ear dogs

A

dogs trained to respond to sounds and alert the hearing-impaired person

136
Q

otoscope

A

an instrument used for inspecting the ear

137
Q

otoscopy

A

examination of the ear by means of otoscope

138
Q

sign language

A

communcation by means of manual signs and gestures

139
Q

tinnitus

A

a noise (ringing) in the ears

140
Q

tuning fork

A

a small metal instrument consisting of a stem and two prongs used to test hearing

141
Q

vertigo

A

a sensation of rotation or dizziness

Med Term (18 decks)

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