Chapter 10 - Body Organs and Parts

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

cell nucleus; a spheroid body within a cell, consisting of a thing nuclear membrane and genes or chromosomes

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

thread-like structures in the cell nucleus that control growth, repair, and reproduction of the body

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

the protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus (nucleoplasm)

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

a thin layer of tissue, serving as the wall of a cell. selectively allows substances to pass in and out of the cell. refuses passage to others

Question 5

epithelial tissue

Answer 5

the skin and lining surfaces that protect, absorb, and excrete

Question 6

connective tissue

Answer 6

the fibrous tissues of the body; that which binds together and is the ground substance of the various parts and organs of the body; examples are bones, tendons, and so on

Question 7

muscle tissue

Answer 7

tissue that contracts; consists of striated (striped), cardic, and smooth muscle

Question 8

nerve tissue

Answer 8

a collection of nerve fibers that conduct impulses that control and coordinate body activities

Question 9

integumentary system

Answer 9

skin serves as the external covering of the body. accessory organs of this system are nails, hair, and oil and sweat glands

Question 10

musculoskeletal system

Answer 10

skeletan and muscles: the 206 bones, the joints, cartilage, ligaments, and all of the muscles of the body

Question 11

cardiovascular system

Answer 11

heart and blood vessels; blood pumped and circulated through the body

Question 12

gastrointestinal system

Answer 12

a long tube commonly called the GI tract: consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. accessory organs are pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and salivary glands

Question 13

respiratory system

Answer 13

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. furnishes oxygen, removes carbon dioxide (respiration)

Question 14

genitorurinary system

Answer 14

reproductive and urinary organs; also called urogenital system (GU or UG). the urinary organs are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. the reproductive organs are the gonads and various external genitalia and internal organs

Question 15

endocrine system

Answer 15

glands and other structures that make hormones and release them directly into the circulatory system; ductless glands

Question 16

nervous system

Answer 16

brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS); the autonomic nervous system (ANS), or peripheral nervous system, consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 17

pleural cavity

Answer 17

the thoracic cavity containing the lungs, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

Question 18

mediastinum

Answer 18

the mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the hearts and its large vessels

Question 19

peritoneal cavity

Answer 19

the space containing the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, reproductive organs, and urinary bladder

Question 20

cranial cavity

Answer 20

space enclosed by skull bones, containing the brain

Question 21

spinal cavity

Answer 21

cavity containing the spinal cord

Question 22

diaphragm

Answer 22

dome-shaped muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 23

sagittal

Answer 23

a sagittal place divides the body into right and left portions

Question 24

midsagittal

Answer 24

a plane that vertically divides the body, or some part of it, into equal right and left portions (medial)

Question 25

coronal

Answer 25

also called frontal; a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections (front and back)

Question 26

transverse

Answer 26

a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections (top and bottom)

Question 27

metabolism

Answer 27

sum of the body’s physical and chemical processes that convert food into elements for body growth, energy, building body parts (anabolism), and degrading body substances for recycling or excretion (catabolism)

Question 28

homeostasis

Answer 28

a steady state; the tendency of stability in the normal physiologic systems of the organism to maintain a balance optimal for survival. body temperature, osmotic pressure, normal cell division rate, and nutrient supply to cells are a few examples