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Med Term > Chapter 16 - Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Bowman’s capsule (renal capsule)

A

cup-shaped end of renal tubule containing the glomerulus

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2
Q

calyx

A

cup-shaped part of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules

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3
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer of the kidney

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4
Q

glormerulus

A

collection of coiled intertwined capillaries located in the kidney cortex

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5
Q

kidneys

A

two organs on the posterior abdominal wall that filter the blood, excreting the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating body mineral levels

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6
Q

medulla

A

the inner layer of the kidney

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7
Q

nephron

A

the structural and functional unit of the kidney, the parenchyma, numbering about a million and capable of forming urine

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8
Q

renal artery

A

one of two large arteries branching from the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to kidneys, adrenals, and ureters

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9
Q

renal pelvis

A

the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter

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10
Q

renal tubule

A

long, twisted tube leading from glomerulus to collecting tubules

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11
Q

renal vein

A

one of two large veins that carries blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

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12
Q

ureter

A

the tubular structure through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder

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13
Q

urethra

A

the passage through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the body exterior

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14
Q

urinary bladder

A

musculomembranous sac that stores urine, receiving it through the ureters and discharging it through the urethra

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15
Q

urinary meatus

A

opening of the urethra to the exterior

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16
Q

azoturia

A

excess urea (or other nitrogen compounds) in urine

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17
Q

calculus (renal) (pl., calculi)

A

kidney stone(s)

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18
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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19
Q

dialysis

A

the process of using an artificial kidney to filter waste materials from the body

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20
Q

“floating kidney”

A

a kidney not securely fixed in the usual location because of a birth defect or injury

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21
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

nephritis with inflammation of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli

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22
Q

hydroneophrosis

A

distention of the renal pelvis with urine, caused by obstruction of the ureter

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23
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

a condition marked by the presence of renal calculi (stones)

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24
Q

nephroptosis

A

downward displace of a kidney

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25
Q

nephrorrhaphy

A

suture of the kidney

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26
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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27
Q

renal failure

A

kidney fails to function normally, e.g., in excretion of body waste

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28
Q

renal transplant

A

transferring a kidney surgically from one person to another to replace a diseased structure

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29
Q

uremia

A

the retention of toxic body waste in blood

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30
Q

ureterostomy

A

creation of a new outlet for a ureter through the abdominal wall to the outside

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31
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

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32
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

an infection of the urinary tract

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33
Q

Wilms’ tumor

A

a malignant tumor of the kidney, usually affecting children under age 5

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34
Q

albuminuria

A

abnormal presence of serum albumin (protein) in the urine

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35
Q

anuria

A

no urine produced

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36
Q

bladder distention

A

full urinary bladder

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37
Q

blood chemistries

A

blood tests for kidney function, especially blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

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38
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

the urea (in terms of nitrogen) concentration of serum or plasma; an important indicator of renal function

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39
Q

catheterization

A

passage of a catheter (tube) into the bladder to relieve bladder distention or for other purposes

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40
Q

Clinitest

A

popular test for urine glucose or other substances

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41
Q

continent

A

able to control urination (and/or defecation)

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42
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary tract with a cytoscope

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43
Q

diuresis

A

increased excretion of urine

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44
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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45
Q

enuresis

A

uncontrolled urination while sleeping (bed-wetting)

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46
Q

frequency (urgency)

A

desire to urinate at short intervals, but discharging small amounts because of reduced bladder capacity

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47
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine

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48
Q

incontinent

A

inability to control urination (and/or defecation)

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49
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

a technique in radiology for examining the structures and evaluating the function of the urinary system

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50
Q

I & O

A

intake and output. the amount of fluids (usually) ingested and excreted in a given period of time, measured and charted

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51
Q

KUB

A

abbreviation for kidney, ureter, and bladder

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52
Q

micturate

A

urinate

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53
Q

nocturia, mycturia

A

excessive urination at night

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54
Q

oliguria

A

excreting a small amount of urine

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55
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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56
Q

retrograde pyelgram

A

a technique in radiology for examining the structures of the collecting system of the kidneys that is especially useful in locating an obstruction in the urinary tract

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57
Q

scan (renal)

A

an image produced after the patient is injected with a radioactive substance. it determines kidney shape and function

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58
Q

testape

A

special paper that changes color with dipped in urine

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59
Q

ultrasonography

A

imagining body structures but recording the echoes of high-frequency sound waves reflected by body tissues on a paper or other device

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60
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

analysis of the urine, e.g., acidity, sugar level

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61
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to urinate for various reasons. body retains urine waste

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62
Q

vescio-

A

a combining form meaning “pertaining to the bladder”

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63
Q

void

A

to empty the bladder, urinate

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64
Q

Cowper’s glands

A

pea-sized glands that secrete lubricating fluid during intercourse. also called bulbourethral glands

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65
Q

glans penis

A

tip of the penis

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66
Q

penis

A

the organ of copulation

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67
Q

perineum

A

area between the scrotum and anus

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68
Q

prepuce

A

fold of skin covering the glans penis at birth; foreskin

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69
Q

prostate gland

A

gland surrounding the neck of the bladder and urethra; contributes secretions that enhance sperm motility and neutralizes acid vaginal secretions

70
Q

scrottum

A

two-compartment sac outside the body that houses the testes

71
Q

testis (pl., testes)

A

one of the pair of male gonads that produce semen

72
Q

epididymis

A

a duct bordering the testes for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa

73
Q

vas deferens

A

extension of the epididymis that joins the seminal vesicle form the ejaculatory duct

74
Q

seminal duct

A

the passages for conveyance of spermatozoa and semen

75
Q

ejaculatory duct vesicle

A

the duct formed by union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

76
Q

urethra

A

opening for sperm and urine passage to the outside of the body

77
Q

accessory glands

A

their secretions mix with sperm to form seminal fluid

78
Q

external genitalia

A

scrotum and penis

79
Q

Barholin’s glands

A

small mucus-secreting glands located near the vagina

80
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue junction of labia majora and labia minora; equivalent to male penis

81
Q

hymen

A

thin elastic connective tissue covering the vaginal opening

82
Q

cervix

A

necklike section at lower end of uterus

83
Q

fallopian tubes (oviducts)

A

ducts in which fertilization occurs and passageway for ova to the uterus

84
Q

ovary

A

the female gonad: either of the paired female sex glands in which ova are formed and released, and which produce the female hormones

85
Q

urterus

A

cavity opening into the vagina below and into a fallopian tube on either side; organ for nourishing the fetus

86
Q

vagina

A

birth canal and receptacle for copulation

87
Q

labia majora

A

two outer folds of skin on either side of the vaginal orifice

88
Q

labia minora

A

two thin folds of skin within the folds of the labia majora

89
Q

mammary glands

A

female breasts; considered accessory glands to the FRS, they are necessary for breast-feeding of the infant (lactation)

90
Q

mons pubis

A

mound of fatty tissue over the pubis

91
Q

perineum

A

area between vaginal orifice and anus

92
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

A

enlargement of the prostate gland, common among men by the age of 50

93
Q

circumcision

A

removing foreskin, or prepuce

94
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicle(s)

95
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis; from venereal disease

96
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid collected in the testes

97
Q

orchiectomy

A

castration

98
Q

orchiopexy

A

fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

99
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of a testis

100
Q

prostatectomy

A

excision of all or part of the prostate

101
Q

varicocele

A

varicose veins near the testes

102
Q

vasectomy

A

male sterilization by cutting or tying the vas deferens

103
Q

abortion (AB)

A

expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception before the fetus is viable

104
Q

Bartholin’s cyst or abscess

A

chronic or acute inflammation of Bartholin’s gland

105
Q

colporrhaphy

A

suture of the vagina; to correct cystocele and rectocele

106
Q

colposcopy

A

examination of the cervix by means of colposcope

107
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder into the vagina

108
Q

dilatation and curettage (D&C)

A

dilating the uterine cervix and using a curette to scrape the endometrium of the uterus; to diagnose disease, to correct vaginal bleeding, or to produce abortion

109
Q

endometriosis

A

cells of the lining of the uterus spreading into the pelvis (peritoneal cavity)

110
Q

fibroids

A

colloquial term for benign tumor (leiomyoma) of the uterus

111
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage between two internal organ, e.g., vesicovaginal (between bladder and vagina) fistula

112
Q

hydrosalpinx

A

fluid collecting in the uterine tube, causing distention

113
Q

hysterectomy

A

excision of the uterus

114
Q

hyserosalpingogram

A

an x-ray film of the uterus and the fallopian tubes to allow visualization of the cavity of the uterus and the passageway of the tubes

115
Q

laparoscopy

A

laparoscopic visualization of the peritoneal cavity

116
Q

leukorrhea

A

a whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina

117
Q

miscarriage

A

spontaneous abortion

118
Q

monilia (moniliasis)

A

yeastlike fungus infection of the vagina and other body parts

119
Q

oophorectomy

A

excisions of one or both ovaries; female castration

120
Q

pelvic examination

A

a diagnostic procedure in which the external and internal genitalia are physically examined using inspection, palpation, etc.

121
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

any inflammatory condition of the female pelvic organs, especially one caused by bacterial infection

122
Q

prolapse of uterus

A

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

123
Q

salpingectomy

A

excision of one or both fallopian tubes

124
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of one or both fallopian tubes

125
Q

trichomonas infection

A

inflammation of the vagina by a parasite, with itching and foul discharge

126
Q

tubal ligation

A

sterilization by “tying” both fallopian tubes

127
Q

vaginal speculum

A

an instrument used to dilate the vagina during a pelvic examination

128
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

a fatal disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body’s immune system by invading the helper T-cels (T-lymphocytes). HIV replicates itself in the T-cell, destroying the cell, and then invades other T-cels

129
Q

chlamydia

A

a widespread sexually transmitted bacterial infection that invades the urethra of men and the vagina and cervix of women. the disease is asymptomatic in the early stages, which makes possible the spread of chlamydia as the partners are unaware that they have it

130
Q

gonorrhea

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract, affecting both male and female, caused by gonococci (berry-shaped) bacteria. gonorrhea is spread by intercourse with an infected partner, or passed from an infected mother to her infant during birth

131
Q

genital herpes

A

a highly contagious veneral disease caused by the type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), although it may be caused by HSV-1, the virus associated with oral infections (cold sores). genital herpes is transmitted by direct contact with infected body secretion. remissions and relapses occur and no drug is known to be effective as a cure

132
Q

genital warts

A

small, fleshy growths on the external genitalia. genital warts are transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse. they are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) and appear from 1 to 6 months after the initial contact

133
Q

syphilis

A

a chronic, infectious disease caused by spirochete bacteria, and transmitted by sexual intercourse with an infected partner. this is a highly infectious disease that can affect any body organ. a chancre (hard ulcer) appears on the external genitalia a few weeks after exposure. it usually develops on the penis of the male and the labia of the female

134
Q

amniocentesis

A

taking a sample amniotic fluid during pregnancy for various reasons

135
Q

amnion (BOW)

A

amniotic sac; bag of waters

136
Q

anesthesia (OB)

A

loss of feeling or sensation, especially the loss of pain sensation induced to permit the performance of surgery or other painful procedures

137
Q

antepartum

A

period from conception to onset of labor

138
Q

Apgar

A

the evaluation of an infant’s physical condition, usually performed 1 and 5 min after birth, based on a rating of five factors that reflect the infant’s ability to adjust to extrauterine life

139
Q

bloody show

A

appearance of blood forerunning labor

140
Q

casesarean (C-section)

A

a surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered

141
Q

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

A

a condition in which the fetal head is too large for the mother’s pelvis

142
Q

Coombs’ test

A

a blood test to diagnose hemolytic anemias in a new born

143
Q

dystocia

A

abnormal labor or childbirth

144
Q

extopic pregnancy (extrauterine)

A

pregnancy outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube

145
Q

EDC

A

expected date of confinement (due date)

146
Q

episiotomy

A

surgical incision into the perineum and/or vagina for obstetric purposes

147
Q

fetal heart tones (FHT, fht)

A

the fetal heart sounds heard through the mother’s abdomen in pregnancy

148
Q

forceps devliery

A

applying forceps to fetal head; low or midforceps delivery according to the degree of engagement of the fetal head and high when engagement has not occured

149
Q

gestation

A

period from conception to birth

150
Q

gravida

A

a pregnant woman; gravid means “pregnant”

151
Q

ICN

A

intensive care nursery

152
Q

induction

A

labor is initiated artifically, e.g., by a drug

153
Q

insemination

A

the depositing of seminal fluid within the vagina or cervix

154
Q

intrapartum

A

period from onset of labor through first hour after delivery

155
Q

LMP

A

last menstural period (due date)

156
Q

lochia

A

a vaginal discharge during the first week or two after childbirth

157
Q

meconium

A

dark green mucilaginous material in the intestine of the full-term fetus, expelled as first stool

158
Q

multigravida

A

a woman who has had more than one pregnancy

159
Q

multipara

A

a woman who has borne more than one viable infant

160
Q

neonatal period

A

the first 4 weeks after birth

161
Q

obstetrical index (OB index_

A

the number of pregnancies, term deliveries, abortions, and stillbirths a woman has experienced

162
Q

pelvimeter (pelvimetry)

A

an instrument used to measure the capacity and diameter of the pelvis for delivery

163
Q

placenta

A

organ for exchange of nutrients and wastes between mother and fetus; called afterbirth

164
Q

postpartum

A

6-week period following childbirth

165
Q

prenatal

A

before birth

166
Q

presentation

A

the position of a baby in utero with reference to the part of the baby that is directed toward or into the birth canal

167
Q

primipara

A

a woman bearing her first viable child

168
Q

stillborn (sb)

A

born dead

169
Q

test-tube baby

A

the fertilization of an ovum outside of the uterus

170
Q

toxemia

A

a group of pataologic conditions, essentially metabolic disturbances, occuring in pregnant women, manifested by hypertension, edema, etc. may be preeclampsia or eclampsia

171
Q

trimester

A

a period of 12 weeks

172
Q

vernix caseosa

A

a “cheesy” white substance on the skin of the newborn

Med Term (18 decks)

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