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Med Term > Chapter 13 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

nasal cavity

A

nose, nares, cavity separated by septum

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2
Q

pharynx

A

throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth

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3
Q

larynx

A

voice organ, containing the vocal cords

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4
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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5
Q

lung

A

two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, nerves, and elastic tissue. each is enveloped in a double-folded membrane called the pleura

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6
Q

parietal pleura

A

the serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity

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7
Q

visceral pleura

A

membrane that covers the lungs. this membrane and the parietal membrane are close together. between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other

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8
Q

bronchus (pl., bronchi)

A

one of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs

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9
Q

bronchioles

A

one of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree

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10
Q

alveolus (pl., alveoli)

A

a small saclike dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts

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11
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partittion that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing

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12
Q

abscess (lung)

A

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues

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13
Q

anthracosis

A

accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, also known as black lung disease

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14
Q

ARDS

A

adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome

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15
Q

asbestosis

A

lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles. associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer

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16
Q

asphyxiation

A

suffocation

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17
Q

asthma

A

spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchail airway obstruction

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18
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of adult lung

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19
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

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20
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of one or more bronchi

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21
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of one or more bronchi

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22
Q

byssinosis

A

lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also know as brown lung disease

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23
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending in infiltrate surround tissues and to give rise to metastases

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24
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

a respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidioides immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever

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25
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma

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26
Q

cor pulmonale

A

heart failure from pulmonary disease

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27
Q

coryza

A

profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold

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28
Q

cough

A

a forceful expiration preceded by a preliminary inhalation. usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus. can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubble, or wracking

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29
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children, and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections

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30
Q

deviated septum

A

defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction

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31
Q

diphtheria

A

an acute bacterial infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain

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32
Q

effusion

A

escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation

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33
Q

emphysema

A

a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs

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34
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose: nosebleed

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35
Q

expectoration

A

the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs

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36
Q

fibrosis

A

formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by precious infections

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37
Q

flail chest

A

chest wall moves paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs

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38
Q

“flu”

A

popular name for influenza

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39
Q

hay fever

A

a hypersensitive state, e.g., allergy to pollen

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40
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural thoracic cavity

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41
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm

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42
Q

hiccup

A

sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm

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43
Q

histoplasmosis

A

fungal infection of lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling TB

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44
Q

hyaline

A

glossy, translucent

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45
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

lack of surfactant due to a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. leading cause of neonatal deaths

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46
Q

influenza

A

an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract; serious for the very young and old

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47
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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48
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

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49
Q

lung abscess

A

pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection

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50
Q

pertussis

A

acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium Bordetella pertusis. commonly called whopping cough

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51
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

52
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in the plerual space, which compresses the underlying portion of the lung, resulting in dyspnea

53
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

54
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any lung disease, e.g., anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs

55
Q

pneumothorax

A

a collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura

56
Q

rhinities rhinorrhea

A

inflammation of the nasal membrane; “runny nose”

57
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death; cause unknown. associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm

58
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of a sinus

59
Q

sneeze

A

spasmodic contraction of muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth

60
Q

streptococcal throat

A

sore throat caused by the spore bacteria Streptococcus

61
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils

62
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

an infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in tissues of the lung

63
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection, general term for colds or “flu”

64
Q

valley fever

A

see coccidioidomycosis

65
Q

wheezing

A

a high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; symptom of asthma and COPD

66
Q

whooping cough

A

a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, marked by peculiar paroxysms of cough, ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respiration

67
Q

aerosol

A

a medication that can be sprayed from a container to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma

68
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

69
Q

apnea

A

temporary cession of breathing; asphyxia

70
Q

bifurcation

A

a division into two branches, e.g., bronchi

71
Q

blood gases

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood

72
Q

bronchodilator

A

an ageny capable of dilating the bronchi

73
Q

bronchoscope

A

an instrument for inspecting the bronchi

74
Q

bronchoscopy

A

lung examination using a bronchoscope

75
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma

76
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breaths slightly or stops altogether. the cycle repeats

77
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide; an orderless, colorless gas resulting from oxidation of carbon, formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs

78
Q

consolidation

A

solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia

79
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest

80
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood

81
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing

82
Q

endotracheal (ET) tube

A

an airway catherer inserted in the trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations

83
Q

expectorant

A

an agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)

84
Q

hemoptysis

A

the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs)

85
Q

hiatus

A

a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm

86
Q

hypercapnia

A

an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood

87
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety

88
Q

hyposensitization

A

the process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substance to reduce his or her sensitivity to the substance

89
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen

90
Q

IPPB

A

intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation

91
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

gasping, labored breathing, also called air hunger

92
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

93
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior larynx with an instrument called larynoscope

94
Q

lavage of sinuses

A

the irrigation or washing out of sinuses

95
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe of the lung

96
Q

Mantoux (test)

A

TB skin test

97
Q

O2 (oxygen)

A

constitutes about 20% of atmospheric air; inhaled and carried in the blood

98
Q

orthopnea

A

difficult breathing, except in the upright position

99
Q

oximetry

A

measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

100
Q

palpation

A

application of hands and fingers to external surfaces to detect abnormalities

101
Q

parenchyma (lung)

A

the essential elements or “working parts” of an organ e.g., alveoli in the lung

102
Q

peak expiratory flow rate

A

measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment in asthma or COPD

103
Q

percussion and auscultation (P & A)

A

striking the body (e.g., chest) with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced. technique used by practitioners

104
Q

perfusion

A

the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen

105
Q

pneumothorax

A

air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or from deliberate introduction; may be spontaneous

106
Q

postural drainage

A

drainage by placing the patient’s head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilized

107
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative (TB test)

108
Q

productive cough

A

cough with spitting of material from the bronchi

109
Q

pulmonary function

A

tests to assess ventilatory status

110
Q

rales, rhonci

A

an abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indicating some pathologic condition

111
Q

rarefaction

A

condition of being less dense, e.g., decreased density in x-ray films

112
Q

residual air

A

air remaining or left behind after expiration

113
Q

respirator (ventilator)

A

a device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation

114
Q

rhinoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the nose

115
Q

scan (lung, pleura)

A

an image or a “picture” produced using radioactive isotopes, e.g., B-mode ultrasonography

116
Q

SMR

A

submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect

117
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

118
Q

spirometer (spirometry)

A

an instrument for measuring air taken into and expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity

119
Q

sputum

A

matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth

120
Q

tachypena

A

very rapid respiration

121
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest wall into the parietal cavity to remove fluid

122
Q

tine test

A

TB test

123
Q

tracheostomy

A

incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck

124
Q

ventilator

A

an apparatus to assist in pulmonary ventilation; see also respirator

125
Q

vital capacity

A

amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after deep inspiration (pulmonary function test)

126
Q

wheeze

A

breathing with a raspy or whistling sound. common symptom of asthma

127
Q

x-ray examination

A

visual record made using x-rays, for diagnostic examination of the chest; may by AP (antereoposterior) or Lat (side) views

Med Term (18 decks)

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