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Med Term > Chapter 17 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular

A

an appendage; limbs

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2
Q

axis (n.) (axial [adj.])

A

a line that passes through the center of the body traversing skull, thorax, and vertebral column

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3
Q

ethmoid

A

the light and spongy bone at the base of the cranium; the upper nasal bone between the eyes

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4
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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5
Q

mandible

A

large bone constituting the lower jaw

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6
Q

maxilla

A

one of a pair of large bones forming the upper jaw

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7
Q

occipital

A

the cuplike bone at the back of the skull

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8
Q

parietal

A

bone of the skull (top of the head)

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9
Q

sphenoid

A

bone at the base of the skull, anterior to the temporal bones

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10
Q

temporal

A

large bones forming part of the temples

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11
Q

turbinate

A

cone-shaped nasal bone

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12
Q

clavicle

A

a long, curved, horizontal bone just above the first rib (collar bone)

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13
Q

femur

A

the thigh bone, extending form the pelvis to the knee

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14
Q

fibula and tibia

A

the fibula is the smallest of the bones of the leg; the tibia is the second longest bone of the skeleton, located at the medial side of the leg

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15
Q

humerus

A

the upper-arm bone, consisting of a body, a head, and the condyle

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16
Q

radius and ulna

A

the radius is the larger of the two bones of the forearm; the ulna is the bone on the medial or little-finger side of the forearm, lying parallel with the radius

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17
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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18
Q

sternum

A

the elongated, flattened bone forming the middle portion of the thorax (breastbone)

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19
Q

vertebral column

A

the flexible structure that forms the longitudinal axis (backbone) of the skeleton; it consists of 26 separate vertebrae arranged in a straight line from the base of the skull to the coccyx (tailbone)

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20
Q

hyoid

A

point of attachment for muscles of head and throat

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21
Q

lachrymal

A

two bones that house the tear ducts

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22
Q

mandible

A

large bone constituting the lower jaw

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23
Q

maxilla

A

one of a pair of large bones forming the upper jaw

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24
Q

nasal

A

two bones that shape the nose

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25
Q

occipital

A

the cuplike bone at the back of the skull

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26
Q

palatine

A

forms the hard palate (roof of the mouth)

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27
Q

parietal

A

parietal bone of the skull (top of the head)

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28
Q

sphenoid

A

bone at the base of the skull, anterior to the temporal bones

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29
Q

temporal

A

large bones forming part of the temples

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30
Q

turbinate

A

cone-shaped nasal bone

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31
Q

vomer

A

lower part of the nasal septum

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32
Q

zygomatic

A

two bones, one on each side of the face, which form the high part of the cheek bones and outer eye socket

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33
Q

ball and socket

A

a joint in which the globular head of an articulating bone is received into a cuplike cavity, e.g., the hip and shoulder

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34
Q

hinge

A

hinge joint, e.g., elbow, knees, and fingers

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35
Q

intervertebral

A

the fibrous substance between the disks of the spinal vertebrae

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36
Q

aponeurosis

A

a flattened tendon, connecting a muscle with the parts it moves

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37
Q

bursa (pl., bursae)

A

a fluid-filled sac located in tissues to reduce friction

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38
Q

fascia (pl., fasciae)

A

a sheet of fibrous tissue holding muscle fibers together

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39
Q

interphalangeal

A

between two contiguous joints and phalanges, e.g., between the fingers and toes

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40
Q

lamina (pl., laminae)

A

the flattened part of the vertebral arch (thinnest part of a vertebra)

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41
Q

ligament

A

a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages

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42
Q

meniscus (pl., menisci)

A

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint

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43
Q

sutures

A

lines of junction between the bones of the skull

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44
Q

synovial fluid

A

the transparent, viscid fluid found in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths

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45
Q

tendon

A

a fibrous cord of connective tissue attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

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46
Q

theca

A

a case or sheath of a tendon

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47
Q

acetabulum

A

the cup-shaped cavity (socket) receiving the head of the femur

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48
Q

foramen (pl., foramina)

A

holes in a bone for large vessels and nerves to pass through

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49
Q

fossa (pl., fossae)

A

a hollow or depressed area

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50
Q

groove

A

a narrow, linear hollow or depression in bone

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51
Q

malleolus

A

a rounded process, such as the protuberance on either side of the ankle joint, at the lower end of the fibula or the tibia

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52
Q

olecranon

A

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

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53
Q

prominence

A

protrusion or projection

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54
Q

sinus

A

one definition is a recess, cavity, or channel, such as one in bone

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55
Q

tuberosity

A

an elevation or protuberance, especially of a bone

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56
Q

biceps brachii

A

muscle extending from scapula to radius. used to flex lower arm and turn palm of hand upward

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57
Q

buccinator

A

fleshy part of the cheek. used to smile, blow outward, and whistle

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58
Q

cardiac muscle

A

specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart. involuntary muscles, controlled by the ANS

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59
Q

deltoid

A

muscle covering the shoulder joint. extends from clavicle and scapula to humerus. extends the arm

60
Q

gastrocnemius

A

main calf muscle. attaches to heel hone

61
Q

gluteus maximus

A

fleshy part of the buttocks. extentds from ilium to femur. adducts and rotates thigh laterally

62
Q

hamstring

A

muscle in posterior thigh used for flexing, as in kneeling, and for extension

63
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

muscle extending from lower vertebrae to humerus. used for swinging the arms

64
Q

masseter

A

muscle at angle of jaw. used for biting and chewing

65
Q

orbicularis occuli

A

body of the eyelid, opens and close the eye, wrinkles forehead

66
Q

orbicularis oris

A

muscle surrounding the mouth. closes and purses the lips

67
Q

pectoralis major

A

large, fan-shaped muscle across front of the chest. adducts, flexes, and rotates the arms inward

68
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

anterior thigh muscle. part of a five-muscle group that extends the thigh

69
Q

skeletal muscles

A

also called striated (striped) or voluntary muscles. muscles attached to skeletal bones except for face, eyes, tongue, and throat. under concious control

70
Q

smooth muscles

A

muscles found in the wall of the stomach, intestine, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. also called involuntary or visceral muscle (not under concious control)

71
Q

sternomastoid

A

muscle extending from sternum to side of the neck. used for turning the head

72
Q

temporal

A

muscle above the ear. used for opening and closing the jaw

73
Q

trapexius

A

triangular muscle extending from back of shoulder to clavical. used to raise shoulders

74
Q

triceps bracii

A

muscle extending from scapula to ulna. responsible for adducting the elbow

75
Q

flexion

A

bending

76
Q

extension

A

the movement by which the two ends of any jointed part are drawn away from each other; straightening

77
Q

adduction

A

to draw toward the axial (median) line of a limb

78
Q

abduction

A

to draw away from the axial (median) line of a limb

79
Q

pronation

A

to prone position (palm down, face down)

80
Q

supination

A

palm or face upward

81
Q

proximal

A

nearest to a point of reference or origin

82
Q

distal

A

farthest from any point of reference or origin

83
Q

contracture

A

permanent contraction of a muscle

84
Q

muscle atrophy

A

wasting away of muscle from disuse

85
Q

muscle hypertrophy

A

muscle enlargement from overuse

86
Q

muscle tone

A

normal degree of vigor and tension in a muscle; muscles partially contracted

87
Q

paralysis

A

loss of muscular contraction because of nerve damage

88
Q

paresis

A

slight or incomplete paralysis

89
Q

fracture

A

the breaking of a bone; there are many types

90
Q

skull fracture

A

a fracture of the bony structure of the head

91
Q

torn ligament, tendon, or cartilage

A

a complete or partial tear of a ligament, tendon, or cartilage; common sports injuries

92
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

93
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment; a type of dislocation

94
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint; there are 4 common types

95
Q

burstitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

96
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

a common painful disorder of the wrist and hand, caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist

97
Q

collagen disease

A

a group of diseases with widespread pathologic changes in connective tissue, e.g., lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis

98
Q

gout

A

a hereditary form of arthritis caused by accumulation of uric acid crystals, especially in the great toe

99
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus

A

a rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk, releasing the nucleus pulposus that cushions the vertebrae above and below

100
Q

kyphosis

A

humpback or hunchback; a spinal deformity

101
Q

Legg-Calve’-Perthes disease

A

osteochondrosis of the head of the femur in children

102
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback

103
Q

lupus erythematosus (LE)

A

see systemic lupus erythematosus

104
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

genetic diseases with progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

105
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

lack of muscle strength

106
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of a voluntary muscle

107
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

inflammation of the tibial tubercle caused by chronic irritation and seen primarily in muscular, athletic adolescents; characterized by swelling and tenderness over the tibial tubercle that increases with exercise

108
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

109
Q

osteochondrosis

A

disease of the bone and cartilage

110
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones resulting from vitamin D deficiency

111
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and marrow caused by bacterial invasion

112
Q

osteoporosis

A

porous condition of the bones; occurs primarily in postmenopausal women

113
Q

rheumatism

A

disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement of the connective tissue structures, especially the joints and related structures, and attended by pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion

114
Q

rickets

A

vitamin D deficiency, especially in infancy and childhood, marked by bending and distortion of the bones

115
Q

sarcoma (osteogenic)

A

a malignant tumor of bone

116
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

117
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect in the spine

118
Q

spondylitis (ankylosing)

A

inflammation of the vertebrae, commonly progressing to eventual fusion of the involved joints

119
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

a chronic inflammatory disease affecting many systems of the body

120
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

121
Q

amputation

A

removal of a limb or other appendage of the body

122
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint cavity to remove fluid

123
Q

arthroscopy

A

examination of the interior of a joint with an endoscope

124
Q

arthrotomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into a joint, such as for drainage

125
Q

electrical stimulation

A

a process used to heal fractures more quickly

126
Q

electromyogram (electromyography)

A

the film record made and the study of muscular contraction

127
Q

external fixation

A

the process of making a bone immovable

128
Q

fracture reduction

A

the correction of a fracture, luxation, or hernia

129
Q

laminectomy with disectomy

A

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra;excision of a intervertebral disk

130
Q

meniscectomy

A

excision of a meniscus, e.g., of the knee joint

131
Q

myelogram

A

the film produced by radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a dye into the spinal cavity

132
Q

myogram

A

a record produced by myography; same as electromyogram

133
Q

replantation

A

the insertion of an organ or tissue in a new site in the body

134
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

surgical creation of ankylosis between contiguous vertebrae; spinal fusion

135
Q

total hip replacement

A

replacement of the hip joint with an artificial ball and socket joint, performed to relieve a chronically painful and stiff hip caused by certain clinical disorders

136
Q

traction

A

the act of drawing or pulling

137
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibodies; a laboratory serum test; ANA is associated with many diseases

138
Q

ASO

A

antistreptolysin O

139
Q

CRP

A

C-reactive protein

140
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disorder

141
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation; reduction of a fracture after inclusion into the fracture site

142
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

143
Q

RA factor

A

rheumatoid arthritis factor

144
Q

SLE (LE)

A

systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus erythematosus

145
Q

SR (ESR)

A

sedimentation rate; erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Med Term (18 decks)

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