Chapter 17: Fluids and Electrolytes- Hyponatremia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the surgical causes of the following type:

Hypovolemic

A
  • Diuretic excess
  • hypoaldosteronism
  • vomiting
  • NG suction
  • burns
  • pancreatitis
  • diaphoresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the surgical causes of the following type:

Euvolemic

A
  • SIADH
  • CNS abnormalities
  • drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the surgical causes of the following type:

Hypervolemic

A
  • Renal failure
  • CHF
  • liver failure (cirrhosis)
  • iatrogenic fluid overload(dilutional)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the signs/symptoms?

A
  • Seizures
  • coma
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • ileus
  • lethargy
  • confusion
  • weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the treatments of the following type:

Hypovolemic

A

NS IV, correct underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the treatments of the following type:

Euvolemic

A

SIADH: furosemide and NS acutely, fluid restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the treatments of the following type:

Hypervolemic

A

Dilutional: fluid restriction and diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How fast should you increase the sodium level in hyponatremia?

A

Guideline is <12 mEq/L per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may occur if you correct hyponatremia too quickly?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the signs of central pontine myelinolysis?

A
  • Confusion
  • Spastic quadriplegia
  • Horizontal gaze paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of mild postoperative

hyponatremia

A

Fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is it Pseudohyponatremia?

A

Spurious lab value of hyponatremia as a result of:

  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hyperproteinemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly