Chapter 17

Question 1

major religions from fastest growing to slowest growing

Answer 1

islam, christianity, hinduism, judaism, buddhism

Question 2

secularization

Answer 2

the movement of society away from religious beliefs

Question 3

liberation theology

Answer 3

religious movement consisting of catholic beliefs and social justice for the poor

Question 4

theism

Answer 4

belief in one or more supernatural dieties

Question 5

Reasons for resurgence of religion today

Answer 5

1. Failure of government instiutions
2. competition of religions
3. relationship among relationship of religion, ethnicity and politics

Question 6

Characteristics of sects

Answer 6

less organized, less officials, often viewed as corrupt by the main group

Question 7

denomination

Answer 7

sect that has become instutitionalized as opposed to an activist protest group, often harmonious with main group, sects that have lasted over time

Question 8

cults

Answer 8

resemble sects, reject societal views, innovate religion instead of revive it, usually high in tension with society, `

Question 9

Marx view of religion

Answer 9

aliienation, religious people better understanf the social forces oppressing them so they can rise up and overthrow oppressors,

Question 10

alienation

Answer 10

term my Marx to describe the projection of human abilities onto gods, sense that our abilities are owed to entities

Question 11

Durkheim view of religion

Answer 11

connected religion with society’s institutions, totemism is religion’s elementary form, functionalist, religion affirms a stable society by making people meet to affirm values and beliefs

Question 12

totemism

Answer 12

worships of objects believed to embody mystical spirits

Question 13

profane

Answer 13

objects belonging to the mundane and everyday world

Question 14

Weber view of religion

Answer 14

concentrates on religion and social change, religion is not a conservative force but inspires movements,

Question 15

religious economy

Answer 15

view that religions compete with each other for followers, this is better than a religious monopoly

Question 16

zionism

Answer 16

a movement calling for jews to return to Palestine and create a Jewish state

Question 17

civil religion

Answer 17

a set of religious beliefs through which society interprets its own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality

Question 18

phases of religious movement

Answer 18

1. cohesion from a powerful leader

2. death of charasmatic leader and movement must survive

Question 19

Categories of religious movements

Answer 19

world-affirming, world-rejecting and world accomodating

Question 20

World affirming movements

Answer 20

enhance followers potential by unlocking potential

Question 21

New age movements

Answer 21

world affirming movements describing movements focused on inner spirituality

Question 22

World accommodating movements

Answer 22

emphasize importance of inner religious life and spiritual purity over worldly concerns

Question 23

socioeconomic status of different denominations

Answer 23

liberal protestants are well educated, higher income and middle or upper class. Moderate protestants are lower on this scale. Black protestants are the lowest. Conservative protestants are slightly higher than black protestants. Catholics resemble moderate protestants. Jews have the highest

Question 24

Christian denominations from most to least tolerant

Answer 24

jews, liberal protestant/catholics, moderate/black protestants, conservative protestants

Question 25

religious nationalism

Answer 25

the linking of strongly held religious convictions about a group’s political and social identities

Question 26

evangelicism

Answer 26

a form of protestantism characterized by a belief in spiritual rebirth, formed in response to secularism and decline of protestant values

Question 27

Fundamentalists

Answer 27

Evangeslists who are highly antimodern and adhere to strict codes of moral conduct