Chapter 11

Question 1

race

Answer 1

a socially constructed category rooted in the belief that there are fundamental differences among humans associated with phenotype and ancestry

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

social identity related to ancestry and cultural differences that becomes effective in certain contexts.

Question 3

scapegoats

Answer 3

individuals blamed for wrongdoings they didn’t do

Question 4

color blind racism

Answer 4

maintaining racial inequality without appearing racist. this is done by acting like race does not exist

Question 5

institutional racism

Answer 5

the idea that racism occurs through respected and established racism of society rather than through actions of some bad people

Question 6

overt racism

Answer 6

straightforward acts of racism

Question 7

Racial microagressions

Answer 7

small slights, indignities, or acts of disrespect that are hurtful to people of color even though they are often perpetuated by well-meaning people

Question 8

Big population shifts related to racism

Answer 8

1. Europe to North America
2. Europe to central and south america
3. Europe to Africa and Australia
4. Africa to the Americas

Question 9

scientific racism

Answer 9

use of scientific research data to justify racism , much of the data used is flawed or biased

Question 10

How did racism start?

Answer 10

It gave Europeans justification for colonizing and exploiting the rest of the world, the color black had a negative connotation in Europe before they discovered the rest of the world

Question 11

apartheid

Answer 11

the system of racial segregation established in South Africa

Question 12

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 12

NAACP challenged the idea of “separate but equal schooling”, resulting in the supreme court unanimously ruling the separate is unequal

Question 13

models of racial integration

Answer 13

assimilation, melting pot, pluralism and multiculturalism

Question 14

assimilation

Answer 14

the acceptance of a minority group by a majority population in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the majority culture

Question 15

melting pot

Answer 15

the idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources

Question 16

pluralism

Answer 16

ethnic groups in the United States retain their separate and independent identities but share equal rights and powers of citizenship

Question 17

multiculturalism

Answer 17

outgrowth of pluralism, condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Question 18

immigration

Answer 18

movement of people into a country to settle

Question 19

emigration

Answer 19

movement of people out of a country to settle into another

Question 20

models of migration

Answer 20

1. Classic: Countries like US encourage immigration but limit intake
2. Colonial: grants preferences to immigrants from former colonies
3. Guest Workers: Allows immigrants in to satisfy labor rights but they do not become citizens
4. Illegal

Question 21

Factors that cause immigration

Answer 21

Push: factors that make people want to leave a country

Pull: factors that attract people to a country

Macro: international factors

micro: national factors

Question 22

tendencies that characterize migration patterns in coming years

Answer 22

1. Acceleration of migration rates
2. Diversification of immigrant types
3. globalization
4. Feminization: more migrants than ever are female

Question 23

diaspora

Answer 23

dispersal of an ethnic population from its homeland into foreign areas, often forced or occurring under traumatic circumstances