Chapter 11 Flashcards
race
a socially constructed category rooted in the belief that there are fundamental differences among humans associated with phenotype and ancestry
ethnicity
social identity related to ancestry and cultural differences that becomes effective in certain contexts.
scapegoats
individuals blamed for wrongdoings they didn’t do
color blind racism
maintaining racial inequality without appearing racist. this is done by acting like race does not exist
institutional racism
the idea that racism occurs through respected and established racism of society rather than through actions of some bad people
overt racism
straightforward acts of racism
Racial microagressions
small slights, indignities, or acts of disrespect that are hurtful to people of color even though they are often perpetuated by well-meaning people
Big population shifts related to racism
- Europe to North America
- Europe to central and south america
- Europe to Africa and Australia
- Africa to the Americas
scientific racism
use of scientific research data to justify racism , much of the data used is flawed or biased
How did racism start?
It gave Europeans justification for colonizing and exploiting the rest of the world, the color black had a negative connotation in Europe before they discovered the rest of the world
apartheid
the system of racial segregation established in South Africa
Brown vs Board of Education
NAACP challenged the idea of “separate but equal schooling”, resulting in the supreme court unanimously ruling the separate is unequal
models of racial integration
assimilation, melting pot, pluralism and multiculturalism
assimilation
the acceptance of a minority group by a majority population in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the majority culture
melting pot
the idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources
pluralism
ethnic groups in the United States retain their separate and independent identities but share equal rights and powers of citizenship
multiculturalism
outgrowth of pluralism, condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life
immigration
movement of people into a country to settle
emigration
movement of people out of a country to settle into another
models of migration
- Classic: Countries like US encourage immigration but limit intake
- Colonial: grants preferences to immigrants from former colonies
- Guest Workers: Allows immigrants in to satisfy labor rights but they do not become citizens
- Illegal
Factors that cause immigration
Push: factors that make people want to leave a country
Pull: factors that attract people to a country
Macro: international factors
micro: national factors
tendencies that characterize migration patterns in coming years
- Acceleration of migration rates
- Diversification of immigrant types
- globalization
- Feminization: more migrants than ever are female
diaspora
dispersal of an ethnic population from its homeland into foreign areas, often forced or occurring under traumatic circumstances
