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PSYC 2235 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Gerontology

A
  • scientific study of aging
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2
Q

CLSA (Canadian Longitudinal Studying on Aging)

A
  • area of growth and development

- sense of satisfaction (fewer responsibilities)

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3
Q

Male steoistims

A
  • Less likely to seek mental health advice, health care
  • Tough it out mentality
  • Men tend to have smaller social support groups = longevity
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4
Q

Hay-flick limit

A
  • the number of times a cell can replicate
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5
Q

Telomere

A
  • string of repetitive DNA, timekeeping mechanism
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6
Q

3 aspects of Telomere

A
  • length decreases each time cell divides
  • minimum telomere length, below = diseases
  • shortening = lifetime stress
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7
Q

Reasons why we age at a biological standpoint?

A
  • number of times they can replicate properly
  • reduction in grey matter, neurologically not sending signals as efficiently
  • lack of stimulation
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8
Q

Cellular damage

A
  • loss of function = leads to aging
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9
Q

Cross-linking

A
  • occurs when undesirable chemical bonds form between proteins or fats
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10
Q

Free radicals

A

foods, sunlight, X-rays, air pollution

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11
Q

Stem cells

A
  • gradually lose ability to sustain body’s cell

- genotype determines max lifespan, variation in longevity of each individual = epigenetic errors

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12
Q

Self-Rated Health

A

Health is largest factor determining physical and mental status

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13
Q

Optimism

A
  • less stress
  • follow advice
  • self-efficacy
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14
Q

Functional Status

A
  • measure of an individual’s ability to perform certain roles/tasks
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15
Q

BADL

A
  • basic tasks

- bathing, dressing

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16
Q

IADL

A
  • complex tasks

- managing money, cooking, housework

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17
Q

Senior autonomy and independence = better _____

A

subjective

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18
Q

Frail elderly

A
  • seniors whose physical and/or mental impairments are so extensive that they cannot care for themselves
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19
Q

Health Habits

A
  • maintain when we younger = reaps benefit when older
  • engaging when older still beneficial
  • boosts cognitive function
  • eating well
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20
Q

Physical Exercise

A
  • improves strength and motor skills after only 12 weeks of exercise
  • loss less height over 30 yr
  • muscle mass retention
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21
Q

Physical Exercise

A
  • improves strength and motor skills after only 12 weeks of exercise
  • loss less height over 30 yr
  • muscle mass retention
22
Q

Four main changes occur in the brain

A
  • reduction of brain weight
  • loss of grey matter
  • decline in density of dendrites
  • slower synaptic speed
23
Q

Less ____ atrophy occurs in those with more education

A

cerebral cortex

24
Q

Slower synaptic speeds results in

A

slowing in reaction time

25
Q

Vision Defects

A
  • presbyopia increases
  • enlarged blind spot
  • decreased pupillary response
  • eye diseases (ex: cataracts, glaucoma)
26
Q

Biggest impact on sense of wellbeing

A

vision loss

27
Q

Hearing defects

A
  • presbycusis (hearing loss)
  • men lose more hearing (occupational exposure)
  • hear human sounds dec.
  • word discrimination = tough
  • tinnitus = ringing in ears
28
Q

Social and psychosocial problems

A

Hearing loss

29
Q

Taste

A
  • ability to taste five basic = unchanged
  • less saliva
  • flavours seem blander
30
Q

Smell

A
  • smell deteriorates

- loss of smell/taste = nutrition problems

31
Q

Touch

A
  • loss of sensitivity to cold/hot = safety issue
32
Q

Cognitive changes (3)

A
  • forgetfulness inc.
  • Short-term or working memory = different, # of items, how long, selective attention
  • Younger = perform better retrospective (more recent) memory tasks
33
Q

Natural settings

A
  • prospective memory tasks (remembering doctors appointment)

- external cues

34
Q

Older adults under-perform on prospective memory tasks when in a ___________________________ (no external memory cues).

A

controlled laboratory setting

35
Q

Strategy Learning

A
  • learning process takes longer
36
Q

Everyday memory

A
  • recall virtually all “everyday” tasks less well than younger adults
37
Q

Preliminary Explanations of age-related memory decline (4)

A
  • rate of grey/white matter
  • dec. volume of hippocampus (memory)
  • loss of nerve conductance speed in CNS
  • changes in attention strategies
38
Q
  • accumulated knowledge & abilitly to apply to practice problems of living
  • measured based on solutions
  • does not decline
  • remains constant
  • linked with subjective well-being
A

Wisdom

39
Q

________

1) Re-evaluation phase (around age 50)
2) Liberation phase (in their 60s)
3) Summing-up phase (in their 70s)
4) Encore phase (in their 80s)

A

Cohen’s four-stage theory

RLSE

40
Q

A neurological disorder involving problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual’s emotional, social, and physical functioning.

A

Dementia

41
Q

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning.

  • A severe form of dementia
A

Delirium

42
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease risk factors?

A
  • change in appetite regulation (overeating)
  • facial expressions and emotions
  • cannot control their own emotions
43
Q

Early detection of Alzheimer’s?

A
  • difficulties with IADLs
  • biomarkers
  • eye exam
44
Q

What can reduce Alzheimer’s?

A
  • healthy eating

- exercise

45
Q

Heredity?

A

Genetic factors seem to be important to some, but not to all, cases of Alzheimer’s

46
Q

Causes?

A
  • Multiple causes exist (e.g., depression, drug use, disease, head trauma) and about 10% are reversible with treatment, so careful diagnosis is necessary
47
Q

Depression

A
  • “Grumpiness” by family members (ageism
  • Often left untreated by health professionals
  • Losing spouse
  • Conflict
48
Q

______ may be mistaken for clinical depression.

A

Depressed mood (Geriatric dysthymia)

49
Q

Risk factors for depression?

A

1) Inadequate social support
2) Inadequate income
3) Emotional loss
4) Nagging health problems
5) Health status
6) Education
6) gender (women)
7) declining physical abilities

49
Q

Why are men more at risk for suicide?

A
  • multiple risk factors at once
  • troubled by economic stress
  • do not adjust as well as women to death of a spouse
  • more successful in suicide attempts
50
Q

Prevention and Intervention of Suicide?

A
  • enhancement of lifestyle (exercise)
  • social supports, religious activities
  • counselling, psychological therapies
  • medication

PSYC 2235 (10 decks)

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