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PSYC 2235 > Chapter 13/14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Post-formal thought (Piaget)

A
  • hypothesized fifth stage of cognitive development
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2
Q

Relativism

A
  • everything is relative

- some things cannot be described as either true or false

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3
Q

Dialectical thought

A
  • may not have a single solution

- pros vs. cons

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4
Q

Reflective Judgement

A
  • ones logic/worldview

- underlying assumptions of different perspectives on controversial issues

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5
Q

IQ scores are _ across middle childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.

A
  • stable
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6
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A
  • depends on education and experience
  • vocabulary, ability to read, technical skills
  • stabilized or inc. over time
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7
Q

Fluid intelligence

A
  • “basic” abilities
  • working memory and processing speed (CNS)
  • “abstract thinking”
  • decline with age (35-40)
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8
Q

Cross-sectional comparisons support a steady __________ in IQ.

A

drop

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9
Q

Longitudinal evidence suggests IQ __________ in early adulthood, _______________ until age 60, and then _____________.

A

rises, plateaus, declines

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10
Q

______ of Canadian adults aged 25-64 possess a post-secondary credential.

A

2/3rds

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11
Q

Canada remains ______________________ in the world when it comes to post-secondary completion rates.

A

top-ranked

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12
Q

Post-secondary graduates earn ____ and have clear employment ____ especially for young women.

A

more, advantage

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13
Q

Intimacy versus Isolation

A
  • Erikson’s early adulthood stage

- individual must find a life partner in order to avoid social isolation

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14
Q

Intimacy

A
  • engage in supportive, affectionate relationship without losing identity
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15
Q

Successful resolution of the intimacy versus isolation stage depends on a good resolution of the _______________________________ crisis encountered in adolescence.

A

identity versus role confusion

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16
Q

Erikson stated that __________ is central.

A

establishment of own identity

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17
Q

Life structure

A
  • Levinson’s theory
  • pattern or design
  • roles, relationships, and behaviour patterns
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18
Q

An adult passes through three phases when a new life structure is required: NMC

A

1) novice phase
2) mid-era phase
3) culmination phase

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19
Q

17 and 22 as a _____.

A

transitional one

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20
Q

When individuals explore options prior to committing to adults roles

A
  • emerging adulthood (late teens to early 20s)
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21
Q

______ studies have provided some support for the notion that emerging adulthood is a unique period of life.

A

Neuroimaging

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22
Q

Emerging adults must address developmental tasks in five domains:

  1. A
  2. F
  3. C
  4. W
  5. R
A

1) academic
2) friendship
3) conduct
4) work
5) romantic

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23
Q

_________ often cite research on sex differences in mate preferences and mating behaviour to support their views.

A

Evolutionary theories

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24
Q

_____ prefer physically attractive, younger women.

A

Men

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25
Q

____ look for men with higher socioeconomic status, offering earning potential and stability.

A

Women

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26
Q

___________ says that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behaviour are based on the different amounts of time and effort men & women must invest in child-rearing.

A

Parental investment theory

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27
Q

Social Role Theory

A
  • sex differences in mate preferences and behaviour are adaptations to gender roles
28
Q

Assortative mating (homogamy)

A
  • tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits
29
Q

EEG scans show there is greater _______________________ among couples and close friends than there is among strangers.

A

Neuo-synchrony

30
Q

The Neuroscience of Human Attachment

A
  • attachment processes
31
Q

Parent-infant and romantic-couple bonds share much of the same neural architecture and physiology:

A
  • dopamine and oxytocin
32
Q

Quality of relationships depend on 3 factors

A
  • attachment
  • love
  • conflict management
33
Q

Relationship Quality

A
  • intimacy issues = more important than material aspects
  • each partner brings something to table
  • personality
  • attitude towards marriage = martial stability
34
Q

Role of Attatchment

A
  • internal models of attachment to spouse similar to parent

- new couples must let go of families in favour of new

35
Q

Role of Love

A
  • Sternberg

- when three components mix, result is 7 sub-varieties of love

36
Q

Conflict Management

A
  • how a couple manages conflict is a predictor of relationship quality
37
Q

Couples with stable or enduring marriages may be

A
  • validating
  • voltatile
  • avoidant
38
Q

Couples with unsuccessful marriages may be…

A
  • hostile/engaged

- hostile/detatched

39
Q

Validating

A
  • couples may argue or disagree, respect, listen, validate
40
Q

Volatile

A
  • negative encounters, don’t listen, disagree

- lots of love/affection

41
Q

Big & loud (almost cringe-worthy) but it’s their method of interaction and is countered with very positive encounters.

A

Volatile

42
Q

Avoidant

A
  • agree to disagree, conflict minimizers
43
Q

Hostile/engaged

A
  • frequent hot arguments, no balancing forces of humour and affection
44
Q

Hostile/detatched

A
  • fight regularly, rarely look at each other, lack affection/support
45
Q

Childless couples report ___________________ than do couples with children

A

higher cohesion

46
Q

Kin-keeper

A
  • family role, usually occupied by a women, which includes responsibility for maintaining family/friendships
47
Q

Who has a greater divorce rate?

A

Men

48
Q

What is the average marriage?

A
  • 15 years
49
Q

Divorce effects?

A
  • more depression
  • men leave with more economic power
  • women usually decline in income
  • women remain custody of child
50
Q

Studies show that those who ___ before marriage are less satisfied with their subsequent marriages.

A

cohabit

51
Q

Gay/Lesbian couples

A
  • more dependant (social support)
  • more egalitarian
  • monogamy is important
52
Q

Mature singles who do not intend to marry do not value being part of a couple or a family as highly as singles who expect to marry

A

Singlehood

53
Q

Continual single hood has ______ over single hood that follows a divorce or death of spouse

A

benefits

54
Q

Many singles still have ____ relationships

A
55
Q

Many singles still have ____ relationships

A

intimate

56
Q

Self-affirmation may help ________

A

protect singles from negative aspects

57
Q

What are some of the desires to become a parent?

A
  • majority of young adults expect to have a child

- 92% parents believe parenting is most important

58
Q

More ___ than ___ see parenting as positive

A

men, women

59
Q

___ are increasingly stay-home fathers or take paternity leave

A

Men

60
Q

The Transition Experience

A
  • child-care chores should be done
  • parents physically exhausted/sleep deprived = newborn at night
  • ritualized rites of passage = cope
61
Q

What is postpartum depression?

A
  • mood disturbance resulting in feelings of sadness
  • new mothers experience
  • depression and hormones
62
Q

Developmental impact of parenthood

A
  • positive behaviour changes, decreased risky behaviours

- martial satisfaction at peak before birth of first child

63
Q

What affects satisfaction?

A
  • balance between work/family
  • positive conflict-resolution
  • both parents at home
64
Q

Having a ____ partner is a significant protective factor in managing stressful transition to parenthood

A

parenting

65
Q

Women

A
  • more close friends
  • friendships are more intimate
  • more self-disclosure
  • more exchange of emotional support
66
Q

Men

A
  • less likely to agree with each other

- not likely to ask for or provide emotional support

PSYC 2235 (10 decks)

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