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Microbiology > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

2 categories of disease

A

1) microbial intoxication

2) infectious diseases

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2
Q

infectious diseases

A
  • diseases that are caused by pathogens following colonization of some body site
  • some affect more than one anatomical site
  • some pathogens more from one body site to another
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3
Q

epidermis

A

superficial epithelia portion of the skin

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4
Q

dermis

A
  • layer of the skin containing blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, nerve endings, glands, and hair follicles
  • under the epidermis
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5
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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6
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil gland located in dermis

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7
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of a hair follicle, the sac that contains a hair shaft

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8
Q

sty (stye)

A

inflammation of a sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash

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9
Q

furuncle

A
  • a localized pyogenic infection of the skin
  • usually resulting from folliculitis
  • a boil
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10
Q

carbuncle

A
  • a deep seated pyogenic infection of the skin

- usually resulting from combination of furuncles

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11
Q

macule

A
  • flat, distinct, discoloured area of the skin <1cm

- no change in thickness or texture

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12
Q

papule

A

raised are of skin tissue <1cm

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13
Q

pustule

A
  • a small rounded elevation of the skin that contains pus
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14
Q

vesicle

A

small fluid filled sacs that can appear on the skin

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15
Q

3 pathways for pathogens to enter ear

A

1) via Eustachian tubes from throat and nasopharynx
2) via external ear canal
3) via blood or lymph

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16
Q

otitis media

A

infection of middle ear

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17
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of outer ear canal

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18
Q

conjuntiva

A
  • the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of they eyeball
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19
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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20
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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21
Q

keratoconjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva

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22
Q

upper respiratory tract (URT)

A
  • paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, epiglottis, and larynx
  • indigenous microbiota may cause opportunistic infections here
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23
Q

lower respiratory tract (LRT)

A
  • trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli

- infections here are most common cause of death from infectious diseases

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24
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes

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25
bronchopneumonia
combination of bronchitis and pneumonia
26
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
27
laryngitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx
28
pharyngitis
inflammation or infection of the throat
29
pneumonia
inflammation of one or both lungs, mostly viral and bacterial
30
sinusitis
inflammation of the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses
31
oral cavity infectious diseases
- complex ecosystem suitable for growth of aerobic or anaerobic microbes - consists of about 300 identified species - good source of nutrients for pathogens
32
dental caries
tooth decay
33
periodontal disease
disease around the teeth
34
gingivitis
inflammation or infection of the gums
35
periodontitis
inflammation or infection of the periodontinum
36
trench mouth
- acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - painful bleeding gums and tonsils, erosion of gum tissue, swollen lymph nodes beneath jaw - a synergistic infection of indigenous oral microflora
37
infectious diseases of GI tract
- transient and resident microbes continuously enter and leave - most microbes are destroyed in stomach and duodenum
38
causes of diarrhea
- foods, drugs, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths
39
colitis
inflammation of the large intestine
40
dysentery
- frequent watery stools accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration - stool may contain blood or mucous
41
enteritis
inflammation of intestines, usually referring to small
42
gastritis
inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach
43
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines
44
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
45
urinary tract infections
- can be upper (kidney and ureters) or lower (bladder, urethra, prostate)
46
most common cause of cystic pyelonephritis
e coli
47
most common cause of urethritis
chlamydia trachomatis
48
cystitis
inflammation or infection of the bladder
49
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
50
ureteritis
inflammation or infection of the ureters
51
urethritis
inflammation or infection of the urethra
52
prostatitis
inflammation or infection of the prostate
53
pyelonephritis
- inflammation of certain areas of the kidneys | - most often the result of bacterial infection
54
sexually transmitted diseases
- any infection transmitted by sexual activity | - sometimes include diseases of other body areas like skin or mucous membranes
55
bartholinitis
inflammation of the bartholins gland in women
56
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
57
endometritis
inflammation of the endometrium the inner layer of uterine wall
58
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
59
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- actor or chronic inflammation of the pelvic cavity | - usually referring to infection of the female genital tract
60
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
61
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulva and the vagina
62
infectious diseases of the circulatory system
- cardiovascular system (heart and vessels) and lymphatic system (lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissue, lymph) - blood is normally sterile
63
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium, the inner most lining of the heart
64
myocarditis
inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular walls of heart
65
pericarditis
inflammation or the pericardium, the membrane around the heart
66
lymphadenitis
inflammation of one or more lymph nodes
67
lymphadenopathy
a disease process affecting one or more lymph nodes
68
lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic vessels
69
infectious diseases of the nervous system
- composed of CNA and peripheral nervous system | - no indigenous microbiota of the nervous system
70
encephalitis
inflammation or infection of the brain
71
encephalomyelitis
inflammation or infection of the brain and spinal cord
72
meningitis
- inflammation or infection of the meninges | - can be caused by poison, drugs, vaccines, virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoa
73
meningoencephalitis
inflammation or infection of the brain and its surrounding membranes
74
myelitis
inflammation or infection of the spinal cord
75
3 major causes of bacterial meningitis
- haemophilus influenzae - neisseria meningitidis - streptococci pneumoniae
76
common opportunistic infections (5)
- aspergillosis and other mould infections - candidiasis - cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infection - TB, malaria, and toxoplasmosis - mycobacterium avenue and pneumocystis infections
77
emerging infections (13)
- H1N1 (swine flu) - avian influenza (bird flu) - cryptosporidosis - hemolytic ureic symdomre and other e coli O157 infections - ebola hemorrhagic fever - hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - HIV/AIDS - human monkeypox - lassa fever - legionellosis - lyme disease - Marburg hemorrhagic fever - sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
78
reemerging infections (8)
- cholera - dengue fever - diptheria - malaria - Rift Valley fever - TB - yellow fever - infection caused by MRSA and other superbugs

Microbiology (18 decks)

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