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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biology

A

the study of living organisms

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2
Q

microbiology

A

the study of microbes

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3
Q

microbes

A

microscopic living and nonliving organisms

single celled

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4
Q

cellular microbes

A

living microbes
include: bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa, and fungi
divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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5
Q

acellular microbes

A

nonliving microbes

include: viroids, prions, and viruses

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6
Q

pathogens

A

the scientific term for disease-causing microbe

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7
Q

non pathogens

A

microbes that do not cause diseases

vast majority of microbes

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8
Q

indigenous microbiota

A

microbes that live on/in our bodies

some are opportunistic pathogens

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9
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

microbes that can cause disease but do not unless opportunity (weakened immune system) arises

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10
Q

two categories of pathogen disease

A

infectious disease

microbial intoxications

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11
Q

infectious diseases

A
  • pathogen colonizes body
  • pathogen causes disease
  • MRSA, gas gangrene
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12
Q

microbial intoxication

A
  • pathogen produces toxin in vitro
  • person ingests toxin
  • toxin causes disease
  • food borne botulism, staph food poisoning
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13
Q

what microbes produce oxygen?

A

photosynthetic algae and bacteria (cyanobacteria)

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14
Q

saprophytes

A

organisms that live on dead/decaying matter and decomposes it

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15
Q

bioremediation

A

the use of microbes to clean up toxic waste and other industrial waste products

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16
Q

food for tiny animals?

A

algae and bacteria

important for food chain

17
Q

elemental cycles microbes play a role in

A

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus

18
Q

microbes and GI

A

microbes that live in intestinal tracts aid in digestion of food and produce beneficial substances
animals and humans

19
Q

industries that use microbes

A

food, beverage, chemical, antibiotics, genetic engineering

20
Q

genetic engineering and microbes

A
  • a gene from one organism is inserted into a bacterial/yeast cell
  • cell receives new gene
  • cell is capable of producing the gene products coded for by the new genes
  • insulin
21
Q

biotechnology

A

the use of living organisms or their derivatives to make/modify products or processes

22
Q

first microorganisms on earth

A

archaea and cyanobacteria

23
Q

date of fossils of primitive bacteria

A

about 3.5 billion years

24
Q

earliest account of fatal disease time frame

A

in Egypt in 3180 BC

25
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

1632-1723

  • father of microbiology
  • not a scientist
  • made single-lens microscopes
  • observed “animalcules” which are bacteria and protozoa
26
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

1822-1895

  • French chemist
  • investigated fermentation products
  • developed pasteurization process
  • discovered anaerobic life forms
  • developers rabies and anthrax vaccines
27
Q

Robert Koch

A

1843-1910

  • German physician
  • significant contributions to germ theory
  • discovered that bacillus anthraces produced spores
  • developed methods of fixing and staining bacteria
  • developed methods to cultivate bacteria
28
Q

Koch’s Postulates steps

A
  • microbe must be in all cases of disease and not present in healthy individuals
  • microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture in lab
  • same disease must be produces when pure culture is inserted into healthy lab animal
  • same microbe must be recovered from infected lab animal and grown again
29
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  • if an organisms fulfills it, it has been proven to cause that disease
  • helped prove germ theory
  • circumstances exist where it can’t be fulfilled
30
Q

Koch’s postulates exceptions

A
  • some pathogens won’t grow on artificial media
  • some pathogens are species specific and will only infect humans
  • some diseases require multiple microbes
  • some pathogens are altered when grown in vitro
31
Q

people who study algae

A
  • phycologist or algologists
32
Q

people who study protozoa

A
  • protozoologists
33
Q

people who study fungi

A

mycologists

34
Q

people who study viruses

A
  • virologists

Microbiology (18 decks)

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