Chapter 16 P. 314-323 Flashcards
Define DNA Replication
The process by which a DNA molecule is copied.
_____ is the genetic material.
DNA
Define Transformation
A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Define Bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
Define Virus
An infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat.
In Hershey’s experiment, what was protein tagged with and what was the DNA tagged with?
The protein was tagged with a radioactive isotope of sulfur and the DNA was tagged with a radioactive isotope of phosphorus.
The two sugar phosphates were observed by Watson to be anti-parallel. What does this term mean?
Means that the subunits ran in opposite directions.
Adenine can form _____ hydrogen bonds with thymine and guanine can form _____ hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
Thymine-Guanine
Define Origin of Replication
Site where the replication of DNA molecules begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.
Define Replication Fork
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and the new strands are being synthesized.
Define Helicase
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands.
Define Single-Strand Binding Proteins
A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands.
Define Topoisomerase
A protein that breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA stands.
