chapter 16

Question 1

eclectic psychotherapy

Answer 1

involves on drawing from techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem.

Question 2

psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 2

psychoanalysis uses a variety of techniques to help the client develop insight. common practices include free association and dream analysis. interpretations used to discuss what is near the surface but just outside the clients current awareness. takes a long time and can be intense. clients may engage in transference.

Question 3

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 3

explores childhood events and encourages individuals to use the understanding gained from the exploration to develop insight into their psychological problems. influences by Freud and psychoanalytic theory. Focuses on internal conflict and unconscious factors.

Question 4

interpersonal therapy

Answer 4

helps clients improve current relationships. addresses interpersonal problems to reduce symptoms.

Question 5

humanistic and existential therapy

Answer 5

hold a general positive view of human nature psychological problems from alienation and loneliness.

Question 6

client/person centered therapy

Answer 6

assumes all individuals have a tendency towards growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance by and genuine reactions from the therapist. linked to Carl Rogers.

Question 7

behaviour therapy

Answer 7

assumes disordered behaviour is learned and that symptoms of relief is achieved through changing overt , maladaptive behaviours into more constructive behaviours

Question 8

exposure therapy

Answer 8

an approach to treatment of the client that involves confronting an emotion arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly , ultimately leading to a decrease in emotional response.

Question 9

implosion therapy and flooding

Answer 9

forms of exposure therapy. Implosion involves patients having to imagine and relive scenes associated with their anxieties. flooding is when patients are exposed to their phobia in a controlled and safe environment.

Question 10

exposure hierarchies

Answer 10

a list of situations, objects, or activities that trigger anxiety or fear, arranged in order of increasing difficulty or distress.

Question 11

response prevention

Answer 11

involves deliberately refraining from engaging in compulsive behaviours that typically reduce anxiety or prevent feared outcomes , allowing individuals to confront their fears and learn to tolerate discomfort without acting on compulsions.

Question 12

cognitive therapy

Answer 12

focuses on helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about the self, others, or the world. uses the principle technique of cognitive restructuring. generally , the treatment of choice for depression

Question 13

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 13

a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapy strategies. practice behaviour change skills, diaries, exposure expertise.

Question 14

antipsychotic medications

Answer 14

drugs that treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. may help with positive symptoms but interactivity of dopamine is related more with negative symptoms.

Question 15

anti anxiety medications

Answer 15

helps reduce a persons experience of fear or anxiety. most common are benzodiazepines which facilitates the actions of GABA.

Question 15

antidepressants

Answer 15

drugs that help lift peoples moods. 3 classes: monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic , and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 15

monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Answer 15

prevent MAO from breaking down norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Question 16

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 16

blocks reuptakes of norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 17

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 17

block serotonin reuptake

Question 18

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 18

indices a brief seizure by delivering electric shock to the brain. used for severe depression and bipolar disorder.

Question 19

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 19

involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp to alter neuronal activity.

Question 20

psychosurgery

Answer 20

used for severe and unresponsive psychological disorders. severe OCD may be treated with a cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy

Question 21

deep brain stimulation

Answer 21

has the patient planted with a device that sends electrical stimulation to specific areas of the brain

Question 22

3 reasons why one may feel better after a treatment

Answer 22

1. placebo effect
2. natural improvements/ spontaneous reemission
3. reconstructive memory

Question 23

gestalt therapy

Answer 23

a form of psychotherapy whose goal is helping the client become aware of their thoughts, behaviours, experiences, and feelings, and to "own: or take responsibility for them