chapter 14

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

the physical and psychological response to internal or external stressors

Question 2

health psychology

Answer 2

focus on relationship between stress and mental health

Question 3

the college undergraduate stress scale (CUSS)

Answer 3

concluded that people that are higher in stress are more likely to get sick.

Question 4

Jamieson et al. (2013) on race and social rejection

Answer 4

assessed the interaction of race and social rejection.
-in group rejection: if they received negative feedback from someone in the same group, they felt shame and avoidance
-out of group rejection: if they received negative feedback from someone in a different group they felt anger and approach

Question 5

fight or flight

Answer 5

increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate to respond to immediate stress or threat.

Question 6

general adaptation system (GAS)

Answer 6

a three stage response:
-phase 1: alarm reaction (mobilize resources)
-Phase 2: resistance (cope with stressor)
-phase 3: exhaustion (reserves depleted)

Question 7

stress and aging

Answer 7

stress increases the aging process. chronic stress linked with shorter telomere length and telomere activity . cortisol reduces telomerase activity

Question 8

Lazarus’ primary and secondary appraisal

Answer 8

-primary appraisal: interpretation if a stimulus is stressful
-secondary appraisal: how to cope if it is a stressful stimulus

Question 9

repressive coping

Answer 9

avoids reminders of the stressor . often used for intensely traumatic stressors

Question 10

rational coping

Answer 10

faces the stressor to overcome it.
3 step process
1. acceptance ( understanding that the stressor cannot be avoided and will not go away)
2. exposure
3. understanding

Question 11

prolonged exposure technique

Answer 11

record an account of something that makes you fearful. listen to this verbal account daily. linked with lower PTSD symptoms. can be effective for even intense trauma

Question 12

reframing

Answer 12

come up with a new way to frame the stressor and think of it.

Question 13

stress inoculation training

Answer 13

looking at the positives

Question 14

relaxation therapy

Answer 14

trains people to relax muscles in their body. uses the relaxation response

Question 15

relaxation response

Answer 15

a physical state of deep relaxation in which your body releases chemicals that slow down your breathing and heart rate

Question 16

biofeedback

Answer 16

technique that uses instruments to monitor physiological responses (like heart rate, muscle tension, and skin temperature) and provides feedback to help individuals learn to consciously control these responses

Question 17

sickness response

Answer 17

lower digestion and appetite, low energy, feeling miserable . white blood cells with fight sickness and produce cytokines. cytokines activate the vagus nerve. may be elicited due to stress.

Question 18

brain and pain sensitivity

Answer 18

pain sensitivity linked withe the primary somatosensory areas and anterior cingulate cortex. higher sensitivities in these areas= higher pain sensitivity

Question 19

medical dehumanization

Answer 19

treating patients as objects rather than individuals with dignity and respect. differing forms:
- reducing to body part or ailment: referring to patient by their condition/disorder and not name
-denial of agency: excluding patients from decision making
- reducing empathy

Question 20

type A behaviour pattern

Answer 20

the tendency towards easily aroused hostility, impatience, a sense of time urgency, and competitive achievement strivings

Question 21

self regulation

Answer 21

the exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards