chapter 15 Flashcards
psychological disorders
psychological disorders
a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour, thought, or emotions that causes significant stress or impairment
the 3 Ds of psychopathy
- Distressing to self or others
- Dysfunctional for person or society
- Deviant: violates social norms
the medical model
an approach that conceptualizes abnormal psychological experiences as illness that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms , and possible cures
DSM
a classification system that describes the symptoms used to diagnose each recognized psychological disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from similar problems. some of the main categories: anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive compulsive and related disorders, personality disorders, dissociative disorder, feeding and eating disorders
Taijin Kyofusho
a disorder that is very prevalent in Japan. Mix of body dysmorphia and social anxiety. Fear that ones image is embarrassing to the group and causes social anxiety.
diathesis stress model
suggests that a person may be predisposed to a psychosocial disorder that will remain unexpressed until triggered by stress.
anxiety disorders
anxiety as the basis for anxiety disorders. Includes phobias, panic disorder, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. anxiety has 4 different components: emotional symptoms, cogntive symptoms, physiological symptoms, and behavioural symptoms
Phobic disorders
disorder characterized by marked , persistent , and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations
specific phobias
fit into 5 categories: animals, natural environments, situational blood injection and injury, other
social phobia
irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed
panic disorders
characterized by sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a start terror
generalized anxiety disorder
characterized as chronic excessive worry accompanied by 3 or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances. 1/16 people in CA/USA will suffer from GAD. associated with low GABA levels
obsessive compulsive disorder
characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviours designed to fend off those thoughts that interfere significantly with an individuals functioning
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of trauma, and the avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind. ;inked to heightened activity in the amygdala, reduced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, and smaller hippocampal volume
mood disorders
mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature. Two main forms: depression and bipolar disorder
depressive disorders
4 main kinds of symptoms of depression: emotional symptoms, motivational symptoms, cognitive symptoms, somatic symptoms. 1/9 CA/US will experience depression. Increasing levels of norepinephrine and serotonin can help treat depression.
major depressive disorder
characterized by a severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances.
persistent depressive disorder
a less severe but more chronic experience of depressive symptoms , lasting at least 2 years.
double depression
consists of moderately depressed mood that persists for at least 2 years and is punctuated by periods of major depression.
helpless theory
argues depressive people make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative experiences.
Bipolar disorder
characterized by cycles of abnormal , persistent high mood and low mood.
bipolar I disorder
experiences at least 1 depressive and 1 manic episode (and typically cycle through)
bipolar II disorder
experiences a depressive episode followed by a hypomanic episode (less severe type of mania)
schizophrenia
psychotic disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in though, motivation, and behaviour . 1/200 people will experience schizophrenia. has been linked to enlarged ventricles and tissue loss in parietal lobe, but not a lot to back this up.
