Chapter 15 Review

Question 1

After being provided the definiton, name the term:

slave states that did not secede from the Union

Answer 1

border states

Question 2

Provide the definition of the term:

martial law

Answer 2

a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens’ rights are suspended

Question 3

List the five border states.

Answer 3

1. Delaware
2. Maryland
3. West Virginia
4. Kentucky
5. Missouri

Question 4

Provide the definition of the term:

blockade

Answer 4

a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it

Question 5

Why was it important to the Union to keep the border states from seceding?

Answer 5

Kentucky and Missouri were important for controlling the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Maryland was particularly important because it surrounded Washington D.C. on three sides.

Summary:

The more states that seceded, the more support the Confederacy would have, and the border states acted as a physical buffer between the Union and the Confederacy.

Question 6

How did the strategies on the two sides differ?

Answer 6

• The Union - Aimed to recapture all Confederate land, including Mississippi River, with port blockades and military operations.
• The Confederacy - Aimed to defend its territory rather than conquer the North.

Question 7

What was the attitude of the Northerners about the war before the First Battle of Bull Run?

Answer 7

They were confident that the Civil War would be a short conflict, with a decisive Union victory. Many rode out from D.C. to watch this upcoming battle.

The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the civil war. It took place on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. The Confederate forces, under the command of General P.G.T. Beauregard, won a decisive victory over the Union forces, led by General Irvin McDowell.

Question 8

Possible Bonus Question:

What was the First Battle of Bull Run also known as?

Answer 8

The First Battle of Manassas

Question 9

Possible Bonus Question:

Who was the Congressman captured during the First Battle of Bull Run?

Answer 9

Alfred Ely

Congressmen themselves came down to entertain themselves with the supposed swift victory the Union would have. The battle quickly took a turn for the worse, and as the Union retreated, Alfred Ely was captured.

Question 10

What conditions did the soldiers in the war have to endure?

Answer 10

• Disease due to bad sanitation
• Low food, water, and supplies
• Bad living conditions, especially prisoners of war

Question 11

Fill in the blank:

It is estimated that about _____ percent of soldiers who died in the war perished in prison camps.

Answer 11

ten

Question 12

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had a much larger population than the other

Answer 12

The North

Question 13

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• Over 90 percent of the factories were here

Answer 13

The North

Question 14

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had better officers to decide logistics

Answer 14

The South

Question 15

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had superior network transportation– railroads, telegraphs, etc.

Answer 15

The North

Question 16

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• Most of the war was fought here, so this region had knowledge of the land

Answer 16

The South

Question 17

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region was fighting a defensive war – the longer it lasted, the better

Answer 17

The South

Question 18

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had more shipyards and contained a more advanced navy

Answer 18

The North

Question 19

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had boosted morale from defending homeland and way of life

Answer 19

The South

Question 20

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region already had institutions – an army, treasury, and political systems – set up

Answer 20

The North

Question 21

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region was used to life in the outdoors (hot, humid, etc.)

Answer 21

The South

Question 22

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had shorter lines of communication/supplies

Answer 22

The South

Question 23

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had the ability to raise money and had more wealth

Answer 23

The North

Question 24

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

• This region had an experienced President, Abraham Lincoln, already set up

Answer 24

The North

Question 25

# Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South? * This region could sell cotton whenever they wanted to, which was great for the economy

Answer 25

The South

Question 26

# After being provided the definition, name the term: warships covered with protective iron plates

Answer 26

ironclads

Question 27

# Provide the definition of the term: George McClellan

Answer 27

Lincoln put him in charge of the Union Army in the East after the defeat at Bull Run

Question 28

What new technologies were used in the Civil War?

Answer 28

* New rifles and cannons that were more accurate and had greater range * Ironclad ships were put to use

Question 29

# Complete the statement with the best available option: The military term for persons killed, wounded, or missing in action is a ... **A.** KO **B.** death **C.** casualty **D.** None of the above

Answer 29

C. casualty

Question 30

# Provide the definition of the term: Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 30

General in charge of the Union forces in the West

Question 31

How did General McClellan's caution hurt the Union?

Answer 31

His reluctance to take risks limited the Union's early progress and prolonged the conflict

Question 32

# Fill in the blanks: At the Battle of __________, General George McClellan had the chance to strike a blow against General ________________ forces, which were divided and vulnerable. Despite having the advantage of _______, McClellan's cautious approach led him to miss critical opportunities. Instead of agressively pursuing and engaging Lee's _______ troops, McClellan allowed Lee to retreat across the _______________ and regroup.

Answer 32

Antietam, Robert E. Lee's, 87000, 38000, Potomac

Question 33

# After being provided the definition, name the term: * During this campaign, George McClellan was advancing toward Richmond with a large Union force, about 121,000, aiming to capture the Confederate capital. * McClellan did not have as many soldiers as he wanted because Lincoln had ordered 37,000 to stay behind and guard Washington D.C. * George overestimated enemy strength, allowing Robert Lee's 15,000 men to reinforce and launch counterattacks, prompting a Union retreat.

Answer 33

the Peninsula Campaign

Question 34

# Possible Bonus Question: What were the Union vs. Confederate casualities at the Battle of Antietam?

Answer 34

* **_Union_** - 12,000 * **_Confederate_** - 10,000

Question 35

Who claimed victory at the Battle of Antietam?

Answer 35

the Union

Question 36

What was the result of the Battle of Shiloh?

Answer 36

The South lost control of Western Tennessee, a railroad junction, and part of the Mississippi River

Question 37

How did Union troops use geography to give themselves an advantage over the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh?

Answer 37

* The Union army used natural terrain features such as vegetation and raised mounds of earth as protection * They used sunken roads as defensive positions to fight off Confederate charges

Question 38

What was the nickname given to the Union position at the Battle of Shiloh?

Answer 38

the Hornet's Nest ## Footnote Explanation: The Union's position was nicknamed the Hornet's Nest because of the intense fire the Confederate soldiers encountered.

Question 39

# True or false? If false, correct the statement: Emancipate means to free

Answer 39

True

Question 40

# Fill in the blank: ________ Greeley was the publisher of an abolitionist newspaper

Answer 40

Horace

Question 41

What was Lincoln's attitude towards slavery at the start of the war?

Answer 41

He knew some northerners and border states didn't want to eradicate slavery completely

Question 42

What was Lincoln's main goal?

Answer 42

to restore and preserve the Union

Question 43

Why did Lincoln begin to change his mind about slavery as the war went on?

Answer 43

he realized how important slavery was to the south's war effort ## Footnote Explanation: As the war continued, it became clear that abolishing slavery could weaken the Confederacy by disrupting their economy and reducing their manpower, as many enslaved people provided labor (on plantations) and logistical support.

Question 44

# After being provided the definition, name the term: leading up to the main action

Answer 44

preliminary

Question 45

Why did Lincoln's cabinet advise him to wait until after a success on the battlefield to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 45

so it did not seem like a desperate military move

Question 46

Why did Lincoln not free slaves at the beginning of the war?

Answer 46

to avoid causing the border states to secede

Question 47

When did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 47

January 1, 1863

Question 48

What did the Emancipation Proclamation state?

Answer 48

slaves in seceded states were now freed

Question 49

In what two ways did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war?

Answer 49

1. It caused the Civil War to become a war to end slavery 2. It kept foreign powers like Britain and France from recognizing the South's independence

Question 50

# Fill in the blank: More than half of African American volunteers serving in the Union army were ________ slaves.

Answer 50

former

Question 51

# Complete the statement: If an African American was captured by the Confederacy, they faced either slavery or ... **A.** freedom **B.** food **C.** death **D.** Ketanji Brown Jackson

Answer 51

C. death

Question 52

What were some noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the Union?

Answer 52

* Cooks * Wagon drivers * Medical aides

Question 53

What were some ways enslaved African Americans hurt the Confederate war effort?

Answer 53

* Refusing to work on plantations * Giving the north key information

Question 54

# Provide the definition of the term: habeas corpus

Answer 54

the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment

Question 55

# After being provided the definition, name the term: a tax on the money people receive

Answer 55

income tax

Question 56

How did the civil war divide people in the North?

Answer 56

Not all northerners supported a war to preserve the Union or end slavery

Question 57

How did the Civil War divide people in the South?

Answer 57

Not all southerners favored a war to defend secession or support slavery

Question 58

Why was the Civil War sometimes called a "poor man's fight" in both the North and the South?

Answer 58

* **_North_** - People who drafted could pay a $300 fee to avoid service, or hire a substitute to fight in their place * **_South_** - A man who owned at least 20 slaves did not have to serve

Question 59

# Complete the statement with the best available option: A ... is a system of required military service. **A.** levy **B.** sustain **C.** casualty **D.** draft

Answer 59

D. draft

Question 60

# Provide the definition of the term: inflation

Answer 60

a general rise in prices

Question 61

What strains did the Civil War put on people?

Answer 61

The war disrupted both the Northern and Southern economies, causing rapid inflation

Question 62

Was the inflation caused by the Civil War worse in the North or the South, and why?

Answer 62

The South. Battles devastated southern farmland, cauasing shortages of supplies that hiked up the cost of basic goods. Since the Union was blockading southern ports, they could not get foreign support or raise money.

Question 63

# Fill in the blanks: In the South, a pair of shoes that had cost ____ dollars in 1862 cost up to _____ in the South in 1864. The price of a pound of beef soared from ____ cents in 1862 to ____ in 1865.

Answer 63

$18, $800, 12, $8

Question 64

# True or false? If false, correct the statement: Copperheads was a nickname given to Southern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

Answer 64

False. Copperheads was a nickname given to _Northern_ Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

Question 65

# Fill in the blank: To ______ is to impose by law.

Answer 65

levy

Question 66

How did the civil war affect women?

Answer 66

Women took on duties that were traditionally dominated by men, such as: * running farms, businesses, and households * manning ammunition factories * becoming teachers, nurses, spies, and government employees

Question 67

Where and when was this political cartoon published?

Answer 67

in *Harper's Weekly*, in February 1863

Question 68

# After being provided the definition, name the term: an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and cutting it off until the people inside surrender

Answer 68

siege

Question 69

# Provide the definition of the term: total war

Answer 69

all out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy's army, its resources, and its people's will to fight

Question 70

What were the two events that marked turning points in the Civil War?

Answer 70

1. The Battle of Gettysburg 2. The Fall of Vicksburg

Question 71

Why did General Lee decide to invade Union soil which led to the Battle of Gettysburg?

Answer 71

Lee, who was emboldened from prior victories, wanted to get a significant victory to shake the North's confidence and weaken their morale against the war

Question 72

# Provide the definition of the term: William Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 72

Union General who captured Atlanta and blazed a path of destruction through the deep South

Question 73

# After being provided the definition, name the term: Union General that ran for the Democrats against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864

Answer 73

George McClellan

Question 74

How did General Sherman show "the hard hand of war"?

Answer 74

Through his strategy of total warfare, particularly during his famous March to the Sea where he burned Atlanta

Question 75

Who led Union forces at the Fall of Vicksburg?

Answer 75

General Grant

Question 76

# Which of the following events boosted Lincoln's reelection campaign? * The Battle of Gettysburg * The Fall of Vicksburg * March to the Sea

Answer 76

March to the Sea

Question 77

# Possible Bonus Question: General Sherman's March to the Sea created a path of destruction that was approximately how wide?

Answer 77

60 miles wide from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean

Question 78

Why did Lee finally decide to surrender?

Answer 78

He had lost too many men in a long conflict, and had no hope for supply or troop reinforcements. He knew he was surrounded with no escape

Question 79

# Possible Bonus Question: Where did General Lee surrender?

Answer 79

Appomattox Court House