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American History 8 - McQuaid > Chapter 15 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

After being provided the definiton, name the term:

slave states that did not secede from the Union

A

border states

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2
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

martial law

A

a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens’ rights are suspended

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3
Q

List the five border states.

A
  1. Delaware
  2. Maryland
  3. West Virginia
  4. Kentucky
  5. Missouri
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4
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

blockade

A

a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it

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5
Q

Why was it important to the Union to keep the border states from seceding?

A

Kentucky and Missouri were important for controlling the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Maryland was particularly important because it surrounded Washington D.C. on three sides.

Summary:

The more states that seceded, the more support the Confederacy would have, and the border states acted as a physical buffer between the Union and the Confederacy.

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6
Q

How did the strategies on the two sides differ?

A
  • The Union - Aimed to recapture all Confederate land, including Mississippi River, with port blockades and military operations.
  • The Confederacy - Aimed to defend its territory rather than conquer the North.
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7
Q

What was the attitude of the Northerners about the war before the First Battle of Bull Run?

A

They were confident that the Civil War would be a short conflict, with a decisive Union victory. Many rode out from D.C. to watch this upcoming battle.

The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the civil war. It took place on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. The Confederate forces, under the command of General P.G.T. Beauregard, won a decisive victory over the Union forces, led by General Irvin McDowell.

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8
Q

Possible Bonus Question:

What was the First Battle of Bull Run also known as?

A

The First Battle of Manassas

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9
Q

Possible Bonus Question:

Who was the Congressman captured during the First Battle of Bull Run?

A

Alfred Ely

Congressmen themselves came down to entertain themselves with the supposed swift victory the Union would have. The battle quickly took a turn for the worse, and as the Union retreated, Alfred Ely was captured.

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10
Q

What conditions did the soldiers in the war have to endure?

A
  • Disease due to bad sanitation
  • Low food, water, and supplies
  • Bad living conditions, especially prisoners of war
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11
Q

Fill in the blank:

It is estimated that about _____ percent of soldiers who died in the war perished in prison camps.

A

ten

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12
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had a much larger population than the other
A

The North

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13
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • Over 90 percent of the factories were here
A

The North

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14
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had better officers to decide logistics
A

The South

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15
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had superior network transportation– railroads, telegraphs, etc.
A

The North

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16
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • Most of the war was fought here, so this region had knowledge of the land
A

The South

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17
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region was fighting a defensive war – the longer it lasted, the better
A

The South

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18
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had more shipyards and contained a more advanced navy
A

The North

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19
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had boosted morale from defending homeland and way of life
A

The South

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20
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region already had institutions – an army, treasury, and political systems – set up
A

The North

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21
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region was used to life in the outdoors (hot, humid, etc.)
A

The South

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22
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had shorter lines of communication/supplies
A

The South

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23
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had the ability to raise money and had more wealth
A

The North

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24
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region had an experienced President, Abraham Lincoln, already set up
A

The North

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25
Q

Is this following characteristic describing the North or the South?

  • This region could sell cotton whenever they wanted to, which was great for the economy
A

The South

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26
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

warships covered with protective iron plates

A

ironclads

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27
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

George McClellan

A

Lincoln put him in charge of the Union Army in the East after the defeat at Bull Run

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28
Q

What new technologies were used in the Civil War?

A
  • New rifles and cannons that were more accurate and had greater range
  • Ironclad ships were put to use
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29
Q

Complete the statement with the best available option:

The military term for persons killed, wounded, or missing in action is a …

A. KO
B. death
C. casualty
D. None of the above

A

C. casualty

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30
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Ulysses S. Grant

A

General in charge of the Union forces in the West

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31
Q

How did General McClellan’s caution hurt the Union?

A

His reluctance to take risks limited the Union’s early progress and prolonged the conflict

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32
Q

Fill in the blanks:

At the Battle of __________, General George McClellan had the chance to strike a blow against General ________________ forces, which were divided and vulnerable. Despite having the advantage of _______, McClellan’s cautious approach led him to miss critical opportunities. Instead of agressively pursuing and engaging Lee’s _______ troops, McClellan allowed Lee to retreat across the _______________ and regroup.

A

Antietam, Robert E. Lee’s, 87000, 38000, Potomac

33
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

  • During this campaign, George McClellan was advancing toward Richmond with a large Union force, about 121,000, aiming to capture the Confederate capital.
  • McClellan did not have as many soldiers as he wanted because Lincoln had ordered 37,000 to stay behind and guard Washington D.C.
  • George overestimated enemy strength, allowing Robert Lee’s 15,000 men to reinforce and launch counterattacks, prompting a Union retreat.
A

the Peninsula Campaign

34
Q

Possible Bonus Question:

What were the Union vs. Confederate casualities at the Battle of Antietam?

A
  • Union - 12,000
  • Confederate - 10,000
35
Q

Who claimed victory at the Battle of Antietam?

A

the Union

36
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Shiloh?

A

The South lost control of Western Tennessee, a railroad junction, and part of the Mississippi River

37
Q

How did Union troops use geography to give themselves an advantage over the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh?

A
  • The Union army used natural terrain features such as vegetation and raised mounds of earth as protection
  • They used sunken roads as defensive positions to fight off Confederate charges
38
Q

What was the nickname given to the Union position at the Battle of Shiloh?

A

the Hornet’s Nest

Explanation:

The Union’s position was nicknamed the Hornet’s Nest because of the intense fire the Confederate soldiers encountered.

39
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Emancipate means to free

A

True

40
Q

Fill in the blank:

________ Greeley was the publisher of an abolitionist newspaper

A

Horace

41
Q

What was Lincoln’s attitude towards slavery at the start of the war?

A

He knew some northerners and border states didn’t want to eradicate slavery completely

42
Q

What was Lincoln’s main goal?

A

to restore and preserve the Union

43
Q

Why did Lincoln begin to change his mind about slavery as the war went on?

A

he realized how important slavery was to the south’s war effort

Explanation:

As the war continued, it became clear that abolishing slavery could weaken the Confederacy by disrupting their economy and reducing their manpower, as many enslaved people provided labor (on plantations) and logistical support.

44
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

leading up to the main action

A

preliminary

45
Q

Why did Lincoln’s cabinet advise him to wait until after a success on the battlefield to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

so it did not seem like a desperate military move

46
Q

Why did Lincoln not free slaves at the beginning of the war?

A

to avoid causing the border states to secede

47
Q

When did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

January 1, 1863

48
Q

What did the Emancipation Proclamation state?

A

slaves in seceded states were now freed

49
Q

In what two ways did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war?

A
  1. It caused the Civil War to become a war to end slavery
  2. It kept foreign powers like Britain and France from recognizing the South’s independence
50
Q

Fill in the blank:

More than half of African American volunteers serving in the Union army were ________ slaves.

A

former

51
Q

Complete the statement:

If an African American was captured by the Confederacy, they faced either slavery or …

A. freedom
B. food
C. death
D. Ketanji Brown Jackson

A

C. death

52
Q

What were some noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the Union?

A
  • Cooks
  • Wagon drivers
  • Medical aides
53
Q

What were some ways enslaved African Americans hurt the Confederate war effort?

A
  • Refusing to work on plantations
  • Giving the north key information
54
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

habeas corpus

A

the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment

55
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

a tax on the money people receive

A

income tax

56
Q

How did the civil war divide people in the North?

A

Not all northerners supported a war to preserve the Union or end slavery

57
Q

How did the Civil War divide people in the South?

A

Not all southerners favored a war to defend secession or support slavery

58
Q

Why was the Civil War sometimes called a “poor man’s fight” in both the North and the South?

A
  • North - People who drafted could pay a $300 fee to avoid service, or hire a substitute to fight in their place
  • South - A man who owned at least 20 slaves did not have to serve
59
Q

Complete the statement with the best available option:

A … is a system of required military service.

A. levy
B. sustain
C. casualty
D. draft

A

D. draft

60
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

inflation

A

a general rise in prices

61
Q

What strains did the Civil War put on people?

A

The war disrupted both the Northern and Southern economies, causing rapid inflation

62
Q

Was the inflation caused by the Civil War worse in the North or the South, and why?

A

The South. Battles devastated southern farmland, cauasing shortages of supplies that hiked up the cost of basic goods. Since the Union was blockading southern ports, they could not get foreign support or raise money.

63
Q

Fill in the blanks:

In the South, a pair of shoes that had cost ____ dollars in 1862 cost up to _____ in the South in 1864. The price of a pound of beef soared from ____ cents in 1862 to ____ in 1865.

A

$18, $800, 12, $8

64
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Copperheads was a nickname given to Southern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

A

False. Copperheads was a nickname given to Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

65
Q

Fill in the blank:

To ______ is to impose by law.

A

levy

66
Q

How did the civil war affect women?

A

Women took on duties that were traditionally dominated by men, such as:

  • running farms, businesses, and households
  • manning ammunition factories
  • becoming teachers, nurses, spies, and government employees
67
Q

Where and when was this political cartoon published?

A

in Harper’s Weekly, in February 1863

68
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and cutting it off until the people inside surrender

A

siege

69
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

total war

A

all out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy’s army, its resources, and its people’s will to fight

70
Q

What were the two events that marked turning points in the Civil War?

A
  1. The Battle of Gettysburg
  2. The Fall of Vicksburg
71
Q

Why did General Lee decide to invade Union soil which led to the Battle of Gettysburg?

A

Lee, who was emboldened from prior victories, wanted to get a significant victory to shake the North’s confidence and weaken their morale against the war

72
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

William Tecumseh Sherman

A

Union General who captured Atlanta and blazed a path of destruction through the deep South

73
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

Union General that ran for the Democrats against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864

A

George McClellan

74
Q

How did General Sherman show “the hard hand of war”?

A

Through his strategy of total warfare, particularly during his famous March to the Sea where he burned Atlanta

75
Q

Who led Union forces at the Fall of Vicksburg?

A

General Grant

76
Q

Which of the following events boosted Lincoln’s reelection campaign?

  • The Battle of Gettysburg
  • The Fall of Vicksburg
  • March to the Sea
A

March to the Sea

77
Q

Possible Bonus Question:

General Sherman’s March to the Sea created a path of destruction that was approximately how wide?

A

60 miles wide from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean

78
Q

Why did Lee finally decide to surrender?

A

He had lost too many men in a long conflict, and had no hope for supply or troop reinforcements. He knew he was surrounded with no escape

79
Q

Possible Bonus Question:

Where did General Lee surrender?

A

Appomattox Court House

American History 8 - McQuaid (5 decks)

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