Chapter 13 Review

Question 1

After being provided the definition, name the term:

the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation’s settled regions

Answer 1

frontier

Question 2

Provide the definition of the term:

rancheros

Answer 2

owners of ranches

Question 3

What did “the West” mean to Americans in the 1800s?

Answer 3

• In the early 1800s, it meant the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.
• By the 1820s, Americans began to look beyond the Mississippi River as the western frontier

Question 4

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is a land grant?

A. government gift of money
B. government gift of land
C. state gift of money
D. state gift of land

Answer 4

B. government gift of land

Question 5

True or false? If false correct the statement:

Expansion is the act of shrinking the nation beyond its existing borders.

Answer 5

False. Expansion is the act of extending the nation beyond its borders.

Question 6

What groups shaped the culture of the Southwest?

Answer 6

• indigenous people (Native Americans)
• peninsulares (Spanish settlers)
• Mexicans
• Texans
• mestizos
• Africans

Question 7

What did Americans mean by Manifest Destiny?

Answer 7

They meant that the United States was destined, or meant, to extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific — “from sea to shining sea.”

Question 8

Use the map to help you answer the following questions:

What nations had claims on the Oregon Country?

Answer 8

• The United States
• Great Britain
• Russia
• Spain

Question 9

Use the map to help you answer the following questions:

What countries would the United States have to deal with to gain more land on the Pacific coast?

Answer 9

• Mexico
• Great Britain
• Russia

Question 10

Use the map to help you answer the following questions:

What methods might the United States use to gain this land?

Answer 10

The United States might try to buy the desired land through peaceful means. If the nations refuse this purchase, then the U.S. might resort to conquest.

Question 11

Provide the definition of the term:

William Becknell

Answer 11

he was the first person to travel and survive what became known as the Santa Fe Trail

Question 12

Fill in the blank:

John Jacob Astor established the _____________________ in 1808 in Oregon.

Answer 12

American Fur Company

Question 13

Why did the mountain men travel to Oregon?

Answer 13

They were in search of new opportunities in the fur trade, mainly in the form of money

Question 14

After being provided the definition, name the term:

fur trappers of the northwest

Answer 14

mountain men

Question 15

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is a rendezvous?

A. an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort
B. a self-appointed law enforcer
C. a meeting where fur trappers would trade furs for supplies
D. None of the above

Answer 15

C. a meeting where fur trappers would trade furs for supplies

Question 16

Why did settlers heading west travel by wagon train?

Answer 16

The journey was long and dangerous, so traveling in groups allowed them to share and transport resources and provide mutual protection.

Question 17

Provide the definition of the term:

Marcus and Narcissa Whitman

Answer 17

they set up a mission in Oregon to serve the Cayuse Indians but it cost them their lives

Question 18

Fill in the blanks:

The “Oregon Fever” was the demand of settlers for the free and _________ land, ______ climate and ___________ rainfall of the river valleys in the ________ territory.

Answer 18

fertile, mild, plentiful, Oregon

Question 19

What factors might have discouraged Americans from traveling to Oregon?

Answer 19

• the long and dangerous journey
• difficult terrain
• harsh weather
• risk of disease
• the threat of attacks from Native Americans

Question 20

Use the diary entry below to answer the question that follows:

"Tuesday May 20th. Travelled 20 miles and camped...saw several antelope, and an animal called prairie dogs, which resemble a puppy. There are acres of them...they plough the ground and form little knolls all over the ground..."

How does the writer feel about the journey?

– Journals of Travels to Oregon, Ameila Hadley, 1851

Answer 20

The writer is curious. She mentions traveling and observing animals, and she is content with her surroundings.

Question 21

Provide the definition of the term:

Stephen Austin

Answer 21

he urged Texans to revolt against the Mexican government in 1836

Question 22

How many Americans did Stephen Austin lead into Texas?

Answer 22

300

Question 23

Provide the definition of the term:

dictatorship

Answer 23

rule by one person

Question 24

List four reasons why Texans wanted independence from Mexico.

Answer 24

1. Mexico had abolished slavery, and American immigrants wanted to grow cotton with plantations.
2. The settlers were Protestant and not Catholic. This didn’t align with the Mexican government.
3. Mexico began to levy heavy taxes on American imports.
4. When Santa Anna came into power, Mexico became a dictatorship.

Question 25

# After being provided the definition, name the term: an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort

Answer 25

siege

Question 26

# Fill in the blanks: _____ Houston led the Texans at the Battle of _____ Jacinto where the rally cry "Remember the _______" was made famous.

Answer 26

Sam, San, Alamo

Question 27

How did the annexation of Texas increase tensions between the USA and Mexico?

Answer 27

Mexico never formally recognized Texan independence

Question 28

# Fill in the blanks: The treaty that ____________ had been forced to sign set the southern boundary of Texas at the ___________, while the Mexican government claimed that the southern boundary of Texas was the ________ River, farther to the north.

Answer 28

Santa Anna, Rio Grande, Nueces

Question 29

# After being provided the definition, name the term: to add on

Answer 29

annex

Question 30

# Provide the definition of the term: James K. Polk

Answer 30

he was elected President in 1844 due to his view that the USA should annex Texas and Oregon

Question 31

Originally, how much money did President Polk offer for California and New Mexico?

Answer 31

$30 million

Question 32

How did President Polk's actions lead to war with Mexico?

Answer 32

After Mexico refused a land purchase, he sent General Zachary Taylor to disputed land. The Mexicans saw this as an act of war and ambushed an American patrol. ## Footnote Summarized Answer: Polk resorted to provoking a Mexican attack on U.S. troops

Question 33

# True or false? If false, correct the statement: to **cede** is to give up

Answer 33

True

Question 34

# Provide the definition of the term: John C. Fremont

Answer 34

a bold young explorer, he took command of the Bear Flag Revolt in California

Question 35

What was the Mexican Cession?

Answer 35

The land that Mexico had to give up under the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty

Question 36

Who negotiated the Guadalupe Hidalgo treaty?

Answer 36

Nicholas Trist

Question 37

What present-day states did the United States obtain under the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty?

Answer 37

* California * Nevada * Utah * Wyoming * Colorado * Arizona * New Mexico

Question 38

How much money did the Hidalgo Treaty state the United States had to pay?

Answer 38

$18 million

Question 39

# Fill in the blanks: ________ Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of ____________ Saints; its followers are known as _________.

Answer 39

Joseph, Latter-day, Mormons

Question 40

# After being provided the definition, name the term: the practice of having more than one wife at a time

Answer 40

polygamy

Question 41

# True or false? If false, correct the statement: Polygamy is legal in the United States.

Answer 41

False. Polygamy is _illegal_ in the United States.

Question 42

Why did the Mormons leave Illinois?

Answer 42

Local residents were becoming increasingly hostile, and eventually murdered their leader, Joseph Smith.

Question 43

# Provide the definition of the term: Brigham Young

Answer 43

In 1847, he led a party of Mormons to the valley of the Great Salt Lake, Utah

Question 44

# Complete the statement with the best available option: ... is the nickname given to people who came to California to look for gold. **A.** Forty-sevener **B.** Forty-eighter **C.** Forty-niner **D.** Fiftier

Answer 44

C. forty-niner

Question 45

Why were water rights an important issue in the West?

Answer 45

The region had a dry climate with limited water sources

Question 46

# After being provided the definition, name the term: legal rights to use the water in a river, stream, or other body

Answer 46

water rights

Question 47

# Answer the question with the scenario below: ``` A rancher diverts water from a river that runs through his property to irrigate his crops, but in doing so, he reduces the water flow downstream, causing a neighboring farmer to lose access to water for his livestock. ``` **Is the rancher violating water rights laws?**

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

# Provide the definition of the term: vigilante

Answer 48

self-appointed law enforcers; they usually overlooked the concept of due process

Question 49

What effects did the gold rush have on California?

Answer 49

It led to rapid population growth, which spurred development of towns, infrastructure, and business

Question 50

# Fill in the blanks: In 1848, before the discovery of gold, the population of California was ~_______. By 1850, the population had surged to ~__________.

Answer 50

14,000, 100,000

Question 51

# Use the map to help with the following questions: What is #1 called?

Answer 51

Oregon Country

Question 52

# Use the map to help with the following questions: What is #2 called?

Answer 52

Mexican Cession

Question 53

# Use the map to help with the following questions: What is #3 called?

Answer 53

Gadsen Purchase

Question 54

# Use the map to help with the following questions: What is #4 called?

Answer 54

Texas Annexation

Question 55

# Use the map to help with the following questions: What is #5 called?

Answer 55

Louisiana Purchase

Question 56

# Use the map to help with the following questions: 6 was ceded by Britain in which year?

Answer 56

1818

Question 57

# Use the map to help with the following questions: The United States looked like #7 in which year?

Answer 57

1783

Question 58

# Use the map to help with the following questions: 8 was ceded by Spain in which year?

Answer 58

1819

Question 59

# True or false? If false, correct the statement: The Rio Grande is the current border between Texas and Mexico.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

At the Alamo, who were the Texans fighting against?

Answer 60

The Mexican army