Chapter 13 Review Flashcards
After being provided the definition, name the term:
the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation’s settled regions
frontier
Provide the definition of the term:
rancheros
owners of ranches
What did “the West” mean to Americans in the 1800s?
- In the early 1800s, it meant the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.
- By the 1820s, Americans began to look beyond the Mississippi River as the western frontier
Answer the question with the best available option:
What is a land grant?
A. government gift of money
B. government gift of land
C. state gift of money
D. state gift of land
B. government gift of land
True or false? If false correct the statement:
Expansion is the act of shrinking the nation beyond its existing borders.
False. Expansion is the act of extending the nation beyond its borders.
What groups shaped the culture of the Southwest?
- indigenous people (Native Americans)
- peninsulares (Spanish settlers)
- Mexicans
- Texans
- mestizos
- Africans
What did Americans mean by Manifest Destiny?
They meant that the United States was destined, or meant, to extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific — “from sea to shining sea.”
Use the map to help you answer the following questions:
What nations had claims on the Oregon Country?
- The United States
- Great Britain
- Russia
- Spain
Use the map to help you answer the following questions:
What countries would the United States have to deal with to gain more land on the Pacific coast?
- Mexico
- Great Britain
- Russia
Use the map to help you answer the following questions:
What methods might the United States use to gain this land?
The United States might try to buy the desired land through peaceful means. If the nations refuse this purchase, then the U.S. might resort to conquest.
Provide the definition of the term:
William Becknell
he was the first person to travel and survive what became known as the Santa Fe Trail
Fill in the blank:
John Jacob Astor established the _____________________ in 1808 in Oregon.
American Fur Company
Why did the mountain men travel to Oregon?
They were in search of new opportunities in the fur trade, mainly in the form of money
After being provided the definition, name the term:
fur trappers of the northwest
mountain men
Answer the question with the best available option:
What is a rendezvous?
A. an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort
B. a self-appointed law enforcer
C. a meeting where fur trappers would trade furs for supplies
D. None of the above
C. a meeting where fur trappers would trade furs for supplies
Why did settlers heading west travel by wagon train?
The journey was long and dangerous, so traveling in groups allowed them to share and transport resources and provide mutual protection.
Provide the definition of the term:
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
they set up a mission in Oregon to serve the Cayuse Indians but it cost them their lives
Fill in the blanks:
The “Oregon Fever” was the demand of settlers for the free and _________ land, ______ climate and ___________ rainfall of the river valleys in the ________ territory.
fertile, mild, plentiful, Oregon
What factors might have discouraged Americans from traveling to Oregon?
- the long and dangerous journey
- difficult terrain
- harsh weather
- risk of disease
- the threat of attacks from Native Americans
Use the diary entry below to answer the question that follows:
"Tuesday May 20th. Travelled 20 miles and camped...saw several antelope, and an animal called prairie dogs, which resemble a puppy. There are acres of them...they plough the ground and form little knolls all over the ground..."
How does the writer feel about the journey?
– Journals of Travels to Oregon, Ameila Hadley, 1851
The writer is curious. She mentions traveling and observing animals, and she is content with her surroundings.
Provide the definition of the term:
Stephen Austin
he urged Texans to revolt against the Mexican government in 1836
How many Americans did Stephen Austin lead into Texas?
300
Provide the definition of the term:
dictatorship
rule by one person
List four reasons why Texans wanted independence from Mexico.
- Mexico had abolished slavery, and American immigrants wanted to grow cotton with plantations.
- The settlers were Protestant and not Catholic. This didn’t align with the Mexican government.
- Mexico began to levy heavy taxes on American imports.
- When Santa Anna came into power, Mexico became a dictatorship.
After being provided the definition, name the term:
an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort
siege
Fill in the blanks:
_____ Houston led the Texans at the Battle of _____ Jacinto where the rally cry “Remember the _______” was made famous.
Sam, San, Alamo
How did the annexation of Texas increase tensions between the USA and Mexico?
Mexico never formally recognized Texan independence
Fill in the blanks:
The treaty that ____________ had been forced to sign set the southern boundary of Texas at the ___________, while the Mexican government claimed that the southern boundary of Texas was the ________ River, farther to the north.
Santa Anna, Rio Grande, Nueces
After being provided the definition, name the term:
to add on
annex
Provide the definition of the term:
James K. Polk
he was elected President in 1844 due to his view that the USA should annex Texas and Oregon
Originally, how much money did President Polk offer for California and New Mexico?
$30 million
How did President Polk’s actions lead to war with Mexico?
After Mexico refused a land purchase, he sent General Zachary Taylor to disputed land. The Mexicans saw this as an act of war and ambushed an American patrol.
Summarized Answer:
Polk resorted to provoking a Mexican attack on U.S. troops
True or false? If false, correct the statement:
to cede is to give up
True
Provide the definition of the term:
John C. Fremont
a bold young explorer, he took command of the Bear Flag Revolt in California
What was the Mexican Cession?
The land that Mexico had to give up under the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty
Who negotiated the Guadalupe Hidalgo treaty?
Nicholas Trist
What present-day states did the United States obtain under the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty?
- California
- Nevada
- Utah
- Wyoming
- Colorado
- Arizona
- New Mexico
How much money did the Hidalgo Treaty state the United States had to pay?
$18 million
Fill in the blanks:
________ Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of ____________ Saints; its followers are known as _________.
Joseph, Latter-day, Mormons
After being provided the definition, name the term:
the practice of having more than one wife at a time
polygamy
True or false? If false, correct the statement:
Polygamy is legal in the United States.
False. Polygamy is illegal in the United States.
Why did the Mormons leave Illinois?
Local residents were becoming increasingly hostile, and eventually murdered their leader, Joseph Smith.
Provide the definition of the term:
Brigham Young
In 1847, he led a party of Mormons to the valley of the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Complete the statement with the best available option:
… is the nickname given to people who came to California to look for gold.
A. Forty-sevener
B. Forty-eighter
C. Forty-niner
D. Fiftier
C. forty-niner
Why were water rights an important issue in the West?
The region had a dry climate with limited water sources
After being provided the definition, name the term:
legal rights to use the water in a river, stream, or other body
water rights
Answer the question with the scenario below:
A rancher diverts water from a river that runs through his property to irrigate his crops, but in doing so, he reduces the water flow downstream, causing a neighboring farmer to lose access to water for his livestock.
Is the rancher violating water rights laws?
Yes
Provide the definition of the term:
vigilante
self-appointed law enforcers; they usually overlooked the concept of due process
What effects did the gold rush have on California?
It led to rapid population growth, which spurred development of towns, infrastructure, and business
Fill in the blanks:
In 1848, before the discovery of gold, the population of California was ~_______. By 1850, the population had surged to ~__________.
14,000, 100,000
Use the map to help with the following questions:
What is #1 called?
Oregon Country
Use the map to help with the following questions:
What is #2 called?
Mexican Cession
Use the map to help with the following questions:
What is #3 called?
Gadsen Purchase
Use the map to help with the following questions:
What is #4 called?
Texas Annexation
Use the map to help with the following questions:
What is #5 called?
Louisiana Purchase
Use the map to help with the following questions:
6 was ceded by Britain in which year?
1818
Use the map to help with the following questions:
The United States looked like #7 in which year?
1783
Use the map to help with the following questions:
8 was ceded by Spain in which year?
1819
True or false? If false, correct the statement:
The Rio Grande is the current border between Texas and Mexico.
True
At the Alamo, who were the Texans fighting against?
The Mexican army
