chapter 15: gender development Flashcards
sex
distinction between genetic females (XX) and genetic males (XY) as well as other genetic sex compositions (e.g., XO, XXY, XYY)
gender
social assignment or self-categorization as “a girl” or “a boy” (or possibly both, neither, or a different category)
cisgender
individuals who identify with their gender assigned at birth (or their biological sex)
transgender
individuals who do not identify with the gender assigned at birth (which is typically based on their external genitalia)
bigender
individuals who identify with two genders
agender
individuals who do not identify with any gender category
nonbinary
individuals who do not identify exclusively as one gender; also referred to as genderqueer
gender-fluid
individuals who self-identify with different gender categories depending on the context
gender typing
the process of gender socialization
gender-typed
behaviors stereotyped or expected for a given person’s assigned gender
cross-gender-typed
behaviors stereotyped or expected for the gender other than that of a given person
gender nonconforming
individuals who are highly cross-gender-typed in relation to their assigned gender
effect size
magnitude of difference between two group’s averages and the amount of overlap in their distributions
meta-analysis
statistical method used to summarize average effect size and statistical significance across several research studies
androgens
class of steroid hormones that normally occur at slightly higher levels in males than in females and that affect physical development and functioning from the prenatal period onwards