chapter 12: the family Flashcards
family
a group that involves at least one adult who is related to the child by birth, marriage, adoption, or foster status and who is responsible for providing basic necessities as well as love, support, safety, stability, and opportunities for learning
family structure
the number of and relationships among the people living in a household
family dynamics
the way in which family members interact through various relationships: mother with each child, father with each child, mother with father, and siblings with one another
socialization
the process through which children acquire the values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are regarded as appropriate for their present and future roles in their particular culture
discipline
the set of strategies and behaviors parents use to teach children how to behave appropriately
internalization
the process by which children learn and accept the reasons for desired behavior
punishment
a negative stimulus that follows a behavior to reduce the likelihood that the behavior will occur again
parenting style
parenting behaviors and attitudes that set the emotional climate in regard to parent-child interactions, such as parental responsiveness and demandingness
authoritative parenting
a parenting style that is high in demandingness and supportiveness. Authoritative parents set clear standards and limits for their children and are firm about enforcing them; at the same time, they allow their children considerable autonomy within those limits, are attentive and responsive to their children’s concerns and needs, and respect and consider their children’s perspective
authoritarian parenting
a parenting style that is high in demandingness and low in responsiveness. Authoritarian parents are nonresponsive to their children’s needs and tend to enforce their demands through the exercise of parental power and the use of threats and punishment. They are oriented toward obedience and authority and expect their children to comply with their demands without question or explanation
permissive parenting
a parenting style that is high in responsiveness but low in demandingness. Permissive parents are responsive to their children’s needs and do not require their children to regulate themselves or act in appropriate or mature ways
uninvolved parenting
a parenting style that is low in both demandingness and responsiveness to their children; in other words, this style describes parents who are generally disengaged
bidirectionality of parent-child interactions
the idea that parents and their children are mutually affected by one another’s characteristics and behaviors
child maltreatment
action or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in physical or emotional harm to a child or a risk of serious harm
polyvictimization
the co-occurrence of multiple forms of maltreatment
