Chapter 15. Feeding & Eating Disorders Flashcards
Anorexia nervosa (AN)
A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) caloric restriction leading to significantly low body weight, (2) intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and (3) disturbance in one’s body weight or shape
Appetite manipulation
Children are provided with fluids and essential electrolytes to maintain hydration but are prohibited from snacking between meals; increases the motivation of children with ARFID to eat
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by (1) a lack of interest in feeding, (2) avoidance of food based on its sensory qualities, or (3) concerns about the negative consequences of eating; causes weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, or other health/social impairment
Binge eating disorder (BED)
A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) recurrent episodes of binge eating, (2) associated features (e.g., eating rapidly, eating when depressed, feeling ashamed), and (3) marked distress; occurs at least once a week for at least 3 months
Bulimia nervosa (BN)
A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) recurrent episodes of binge eating, (2) recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, and (3) self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by one’s body shape or weight; occurs at least once a week for at least 3 months
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
A hormone that is secreted by the small intestines that signals satiety and reduces eating in healthy individuals
Diagnostic migration
The tendency of people with eating disorders to change diagnostic classification over time, most commonly from AN to BN
Dichotomous (black-or-white) thinking
A cognitive distortion in which the individual rigidly views herself, others, and the world as either all “good” or all “bad”
Dual pathway model
Posits that eating disorders develop through two pathways: (1) dietary restriction and (2) negative affect
Ego-dystonic
A term used to describe a condition or disorder that the person views as problematic or shameful or is inconsistent with the person’s goals and values
Ego-syntonic
A term used to describe a condition or disorder that the person does not view as problematic or is consistent with the person’s goals and values
Electrolyte imbalance
Disturbance in the minerals found in the body (e.g., calcium, sodium, potassium) that regulate hydration and metabolism; can be caused by purging
Enmeshment
A term used by structural family therapists to describe family relationships in which boundaries between parents and children were blurred or diffuse
Facial screening
A form of positive punishment sometimes used to treat pica; the mouth is temporarily screened with a bib or loose-fitting mask to avoid substance ingestion; used only with caregiver assent when other interventions
have failed and ingestion is potentially harmful
Failure to thrive (FTT)
A medical condition characterized by nutritional deficiency and weight below the fifth percentile for age and gender on standardized growth charts
Feeding disorders
A class of DSM-5 disorders characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating related behavior that results in altered consumption or absorption of food and that interferes with physical health; includes pica, rumination disorder, and ARFID
Hypokalemia
Low potassium levels; potentially fatal; associated with recurrent purging
Maudsley Hospital approach
A method of treating youths with AN; components include (1) initial refeeding by parents, (2) structural family therapy to improve communication, and (3) increased autonomy for the adolescent
Osteopenia
Reduced bone mass; often seen in individuals with anorexia
Perfectionism
A personality trait sometimes shown by youths with anorexia; characterized by a rigid and unrealistic pursuit of absolute standards of behavior (athletics, academics, social); associated with excessive compliance, a strong desire to please others, and a lack of an autonomous sense of self
Pica
A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month; must be developmentally and culturally unexpected
Pica box
A box containing foods that have similar sensory properties as objects that are eaten by the child with pica
Refeeding syndrome
Cardiac and other health-related problems shown by patients with anorexia during the first 7 to 10 days of treatment
Rumination disorder
A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by repeated regurgitation of food over the period of at least 1 month; must not be attributable to a medical condition or purging behavior shown by people with eating disorders
Supportive confrontation
A technique sometimes used in inpatient group therapy for eating disorders; senior group members are encouraged to challenge the cognitive distortions and food obsessions of newer members
Thin ideal
According to social–cultural theories of eating
disorders, an unrealistic and culturally constructed
notion of the perfect female body that is perpetrated in
the media and through social interactions
Transactional model for feeding disorders
Posits that feeding disorders arise through parent–child interactions characterized by children with (1) high physiological arousal and (2) difficult temperament and (3) parents who are anxious about their child’s food intake
Tripartite influence model
Posits three risk factors for the development of eating disorders: (1) peers, (2) parents, and (3) the media; these factors lead to internalization of the thin ideal, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction over time
