Chapter 15. Feeding & Eating Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa (AN)

Answer 1

A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) caloric restriction leading to significantly low body weight, (2) intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and (3) disturbance in one’s body weight or shape

Question 2

Appetite manipulation

Answer 2

Children are provided with fluids and essential electrolytes to maintain hydration but are prohibited from snacking between meals; increases the motivation of children with ARFID to eat

Question 3

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

Answer 3

A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by (1) a lack of interest in feeding, (2) avoidance of food based on its sensory qualities, or (3) concerns about the negative consequences of eating; causes weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, or other health/social impairment

Question 4

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Answer 4

A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) recurrent episodes of binge eating, (2) associated features (e.g., eating rapidly, eating when depressed, feeling ashamed), and (3) marked distress; occurs at least once a week for at least 3 months

Question 5

Bulimia nervosa (BN)

Answer 5

A DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by (1) recurrent episodes of binge eating, (2) recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, and (3) self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by one’s body shape or weight; occurs at least once a week for at least 3 months

Question 6

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 6

A hormone that is secreted by the small intestines that signals satiety and reduces eating in healthy individuals

Question 7

Diagnostic migration

Answer 7

The tendency of people with eating disorders to change diagnostic classification over time, most commonly from AN to BN

Question 8

Dichotomous (black-or-white) thinking

Answer 8

A cognitive distortion in which the individual rigidly views herself, others, and the world as either all “good” or all “bad”

Question 9

Dual pathway model

Answer 9

Posits that eating disorders develop through two pathways: (1) dietary restriction and (2) negative affect

Question 10

Ego-dystonic

Answer 10

A term used to describe a condition or disorder that the person views as problematic or shameful or is inconsistent with the person’s goals and values

Question 11

Ego-syntonic

Answer 11

A term used to describe a condition or disorder that the person does not view as problematic or is consistent with the person’s goals and values

Question 12

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer 12

Disturbance in the minerals found in the body (e.g., calcium, sodium, potassium) that regulate hydration and metabolism; can be caused by purging

Question 13

Enmeshment

Answer 13

A term used by structural family therapists to describe family relationships in which boundaries between parents and children were blurred or diffuse

Question 14

Facial screening

Answer 14

A form of positive punishment sometimes used to treat pica; the mouth is temporarily screened with a bib or loose-fitting mask to avoid substance ingestion; used only with caregiver assent when other interventions
have failed and ingestion is potentially harmful

Question 15

Failure to thrive (FTT)

Answer 15

A medical condition characterized by nutritional deficiency and weight below the fifth percentile for age and gender on standardized growth charts

Question 16

Feeding disorders

Answer 16

A class of DSM-5 disorders characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating related behavior that results in altered consumption or absorption of food and that interferes with physical health; includes pica, rumination disorder, and ARFID

Question 17

Hypokalemia

Answer 17

Low potassium levels; potentially fatal; associated with recurrent purging

Question 18

Maudsley Hospital approach

Answer 18

A method of treating youths with AN; components include (1) initial refeeding by parents, (2) structural family therapy to improve communication, and (3) increased autonomy for the adolescent

Question 19

Osteopenia

Answer 19

Reduced bone mass; often seen in individuals with anorexia

Question 20

Perfectionism

Answer 20

A personality trait sometimes shown by youths with anorexia; characterized by a rigid and unrealistic pursuit of absolute standards of behavior (athletics, academics, social); associated with excessive compliance, a strong desire to please others, and a lack of an autonomous sense of self

Question 21

Pica

Answer 21

A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month; must be developmentally and culturally unexpected

Question 22

Pica box

Answer 22

A box containing foods that have similar sensory properties as objects that are eaten by the child with pica

Question 23

Refeeding syndrome

Answer 23

Cardiac and other health-related problems shown by patients with anorexia during the first 7 to 10 days of treatment

Question 24

Rumination disorder

Answer 24

A DSM-5 feeding disorder characterized by repeated regurgitation of food over the period of at least 1 month; must not be attributable to a medical condition or purging behavior shown by people with eating disorders

Question 25

Supportive confrontation

Answer 25

A technique sometimes used in inpatient group therapy for eating disorders; senior group members are encouraged to challenge the cognitive distortions and food obsessions of newer members

Question 26

Thin ideal

Answer 26

According to social–cultural theories of eating
disorders, an unrealistic and culturally constructed
notion of the perfect female body that is perpetrated in
the media and through social interactions

Question 27

Transactional model for feeding disorders

Answer 27

Posits that feeding disorders arise through parent–child interactions characterized by children with (1) high physiological arousal and (2) difficult temperament and (3) parents who are anxious about their child’s food intake

Question 28

Tripartite influence model

Answer 28

Posits three risk factors for the development of eating disorders: (1) peers, (2) parents, and (3) the media; these factors lead to internalization of the thin ideal, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction over time