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Psychology 110 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two different schools of thought used to treat disorders?

A

Biological/ chemical therapies
“Talk” therapy and behavioral therapy
Combined for effectiveness

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2
Q

What is the goal of treatment and therapy?

A

To treat mental illness and foster mental health

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3
Q

Explain the earliest biology approach of psychological treatment for mental illness.

A
  • trepanning- cut holes in skull to release evil spirits

- risk death

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4
Q

What is a frontal lobotomy?

A
  • used in ’50s
  • designed by Egas Moniz
  • icepick inserted into eye sockets to severe frontal lobes
  • leads to lethargy- lack of energy/enthusiasm
  • very popular, 50,000 done
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5
Q

What is the more modern Electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • more modern
  • shocks induce 25-120 second seizures/convulsions
  • don’t know how it works
  • works quickly
  • Side effects- temporary memory loss for recent experiences, but recovered over time
  • highly effective in treating severe depression that’s resistant to other treatments
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6
Q

Name 2 cutting edge therapies.

A
  • TMS- transcranial magnetic stimulation

- DBS- deep brain stimulation

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7
Q

What is TMS?

A
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • temporarily knockout function of brain areas
  • TMS over frontal lobe treats severe depression
  • can be used therapeutically
  • fewer side effects than ECT
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8
Q

What is DBS?

A
  • Deep brain stimulation
  • plants electrodes in different parts of brain, electrical stimulates
  • successful in treating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s
  • Used experimentally in severe OCD, DBS of caudate nucleus successful for 2/3 of OCD patients
  • tested for depression in nucleus accumbens
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9
Q

Which biological approach is more useful in treating severe depression?

A
  • ECT treats, but has temporary memory loss
  • TMS treats with fewer side effects than ECT
  • DBS used experimentally to cure depression
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10
Q

What is the definition of pharmacological approaches?

A

classes of drugs that alter neurochemistry

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11
Q

What are the different pharmacological approaches?

A
  • antipsychotics for schizophrenia
  • antidepressants for depression
  • mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder
  • anti-anxiety drugs for anxiety disorders
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12
Q

What are antipsychotics for schizophrenia? What are the side effects?

A
  • pharmacological approach for curing schizophrenia
  • dopamine antagonist- blocks dopamine receptors
  • effective
  • side effects: long term use of psychiatric drugs causes tar dive dyskinesia (involuntary movements), motor tics, pseudoparkinsonism- motor restlessness, tremors
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13
Q

What are antidepressants for depression? What are the side effects?

A
  • SSRIS- serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • side effects- weight gain, loss of sex drive
  • in future, ketamine may be used to treat depression
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14
Q

What are mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder? What are the side effects?

A
  • lithium (drug used as MS) decreases norepinephrine, slows neurotransmission
  • side effects- thirst, memory problems, compliance problems- they miss hypomania
  • anti epileptic medication used for treatment. Also slows down neurotransmission and has fewer side effects
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15
Q

What are anti-anxiety drugs for anxiety disorders?

A
  • GABA agonists- increase how much neurotransmitter is made

- useful for short term therapy because they’re addictive

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16
Q

In what circumstances are medications successful?

A
  • standard treatment for disorders

- when combined with cognitive or behavioral therapy

17
Q

What is insight therapy?

A
  • part of Freud’s psychoanalysis approach

- verbal interactions between therapist and client lead to enhanced self-knowledge and produce psychological change

18
Q

What is psychoanalysis? What is its purpose?

A
  • produced by Freud
  • purpose- to discover unconscious conflicts and motives that cause symptoms
  • free association “slips of the tongue”- patients talk about anything that comes to their head
  • Dream analysis- talk about dreams and symbols
  • Transference- patients treat therapists like previous important relationship. Transfer conflicts/ prior history onto therapist
  • ineffective for mental disorders. Good for gaining self-knowledge/insight
19
Q

What types of things occur in psychoanalysis?

A
  • transference
  • dream analysis
  • free association until patient has “slips of the tongue”
20
Q

Who has the power in Freud’s psychoanalysis?

A
  • therapist has all the answers because they interpret their dreams
21
Q

What three types of talking cures are there?

A
  • Freud’s psychoanalysis
  • Client centered/ humanist (Rogerian therapy)
  • cognitive therapies
22
Q

What is client centered/humanist talking cure? What’s its purpose?

A
  • purpose- lead to self awareness and self acceptance
  • therapists reflect back what client said to enable clarification
  • therapist provides supportive environment , positive regard for client
  • ineffective for mental disorders. Used for temporary stressors (divorce, death)
23
Q

What are two takes on the cognitive therapies?

A

cognitive therapy

rational/emotive therapy

24
Q

What is the goal of cognitive/rational emotive therapy?

A
  • alter way patient is thinking
  • lead to rational thoughts and perceptions of self and problems
  • if you get people’s thought patterns to be more rational, help reduce stressor (depression/ anxiety)
25
Q

What is cognitive therapy of cognitive therapies?

A
  • therapist helps client gently, warm, non-confrontational

- gives HW assignments to challenge thinking

26
Q

What is rational/emotive therapy of cognitive therapy?

A
  • therapist assertively confronts irrational beliefs

Psychology 110 (12 decks)

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