Chapter 10

Question 1

Voiced Sounds

Answer 1

sounds that occur when your vocal cords are vibrating. Ba is voiced. Pa is unvoiced

Question 2

Short v Long VOT

Answer 2

if voicing (vibration) happens sooner, then it’s short VOT. “di”

If happens later, it’s long “ti”

Question 3

Babbling in normal hearing and deaf babies. Bilingual?

Answer 3

• normal hearing- babble to practice language
• deaf infants- babble with hands, use basic gestures of ASL
• deaf infants with hearing patients aren’t exposed to ASL and can’t babble. Never fully fluent
• bilingual- hear both phonemic distinctions in languages

Question 4

Phonemic Distinctions

Answer 4

can hear up until 6 months old
temporal lobe
- after, we lose ability to perceive acoustic distinctions in other languages. So its hard to learn another language

Question 5

Sapir Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 5

Langauge determines thought. This is true

ex- woman learns pormpuraaw language and gains spatial understanding

ex- sommeliers learn to discriminate tastes better

Question 6

What properties of language do prairie dogs share with us?

Answer 6

semantic, symbolic, rule bound, generative

Question 7

Darwin’s Core set of emotions (5)

Answer 7

• structuralist idea
• are there primary emotions?
• universal across all humans
• emerge early in life
• for survival
  fear
  anger
  sadness
  joy
  disgust
• secondary emotions exist for social relations

Question 8

At what age can babies spontaneously show all the basics of emotion?

Answer 8

10-12 months

Question 9

By 2 years,

Answer 9

• express egocentric empathy until age 6

- show social emotions- guilt, embarrassment

Question 10

When do they express egocentric empathy?

Answer 10

2-6 years old

Question 11

Eckman’s Studies

Answer 11

• individually, Asians and Americans showed same intensity of emotion when watching movie
• when surrounded by culture, Americans amplified emotions, Asians inhibited theirs
• emotional dialects- emotional intensity of other cultures

Question 12

James- Lange theory

Answer 12

• bodily sensations give rise to emotions

- if you see a bear, your heart pounding causes you to feel fear

Question 13

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 13

bodily and emotional/mental responses are separate but occur simultaneously

Question 14

Somatic Markers

Answer 14

• sent by autonomic system
• act as “hunches”
• occur before behavior
• intuitive signals so we don’t repeat past mistakes

Question 15

Incentives

Answer 15

external objects or goals that motivate behaviors

Question 16

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 16

directed toward an external goal, a reward. Medals, money

Question 17

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 17

value or pleasure associated. No obvious purpose other than enjoyment. Reading a book

Question 18

Self determination theory

Answer 18

• extrinsic reward reduces intrinsic value

Question 19

Self perception theory

Answer 19

people are unaware of their motives

Question 20

Hyperphagia

Answer 20

• damage to middle of hypothalamus

- obese

Question 21

Aphagia

Answer 21

• damage to outer region of hypothalamus

- weight loss and death

Question 22

Hormones and Hunger

Answer 22

• leptin- travels to hypothalamus where it inhibits eating behavior

Question 23

sensory-specific satiety

Answer 23

animals get tired of eating one food