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American Government (12th Grade) > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

resident alien (2)

A
  • person from foreign nation

- permanent residence in US

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2
Q

nonresident alien (2)

A
  • person from foreign nation

- staying in US for a short time

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3
Q

enemy alien

A

person from a nation that is at war with the US

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4
Q

refugees

A

people fleeing to escape persecution or danger

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5
Q

illegal alien

A

person who comes into US illegally

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6
Q

aliens’ rights (5)

A
  • freedom of speech
  • own a house
  • attend public schools
  • carry on businesses
  • use public facilities
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7
Q

aliens’ obligations (3)

A
  • pay taxes
  • obey the law
  • be loyal to US government
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8
Q

Johnson Act (2)

A
  • lowered number of immigrants allowed into US to less than 165,000 per year
  • favored people from northern and western Europe
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9
Q

Immigration Reform Act of 1965 (5 *in order of importance)

A
  • people whose skills would be advantageous to US
  • unmarried adult children of US citizens
  • husbands, wives, and unmarried children of permanent residents
  • professionals such as doctors and lawyers
  • refugees
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10
Q

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (4)

A
  • aliens who entered the US before Jan, 1, 1982, and have continuously resided in the US can apply for amnesty, or general pardon gov’t offers to illegal aliens
  • after 5 yrs in US, can apply for citizenship
  • employers can’t hire illegal aliens
  • employers must ask applicants for documents to prove that they are either citizens or aliens qualified to work in US
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11
Q

Immigration Act of 1990 (3)

A
  • established a limit from any single country to no more than 7% of the annual visas
  • encouraged immigration of workers with “extraordinary abilities”
  • established a category for special immigrants
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12
Q

Dred Scott v. Sandford (2)

A
  • free or enslaved blacks that were not citizens when the US Constitution was adopted, then they couldn’t claim citizenship
  • Congress can’t forbid slavery in US territories
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13
Q

14th Amendment

A

everyone born in the US is a citizen

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14
Q

Law of Soil

A

jus soli, law of the soil, grants US citizenship to anyone born in US or US territories

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15
Q

Law of Blood

A

jus sanguinus, law of blood, a child born to parents who are citizens, becomes a citizen at birth

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16
Q

Qualifications for Citizenship (5)

A
  • entered US legally
  • good moral character
  • support principles of American gov’t
  • prove they can read, write, and speak English
  • have basic knowledge of American history and gov’t
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17
Q

expatriation

A

giving up one’s citizenship by leaving one’s native country to live in a foreign country

18
Q

denaturalization

A

loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during naturalization process

19
Q

Responsibilities of Citizens (3)

A
  • need to know about rights and laws
  • vote
  • participating in election process
20
Q

the exclusionary rule

A

any illegally obtained evidence can’t be used in court

21
Q

CA v. Acevedo

A

Acevedo pleaded guilty but appealed that court’s refusal to exclude the marijuana as evidence

22
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright (2)

A
  • Gideon, because he was poor, requested a court appointed attorney, but court denied his request
  • court overruled Betts decision
23
Q

Escobedo v. Illinois

A

ruled the Escobedo’s 5th Amendment right to remain silent and his 6th amendment right o tan attorney had been violated

24
Q

Miranda v. Arizona

A

court ruled that the 5th amendment’s protection against self-incrimination requires that suspects be clearly informed of their rights before police question them

25
Q

double jeopardy

A

a person can’t be tried for the same crime twice

26
Q

8th amendment

A

forbids cruel and unusual punishments

27
Q

the Rational Basis Test

A

the court will uphold a state law when the state can show good reason to justify the classification

28
Q

fundamental rights

A

rights that go to the heart of American system or are indispensable in a just system

29
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

required racial segregation in schools, public transportation and hotels

30
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

separate but equal doctrine

31
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

A

overruled spate but equal doctrine

32
Q

affirmative action

A

gov’t policies that directly or indirectly give a preference to minorities, women, or the physically challenged in order to make up for past discrimination

33
Q

Prohibited actions resulting from Supreme Court decisions that bar distinction based on gender (8)

A
  • no different ages to become legal adults
  • no different ages to drink alcohol
  • can’t exclude women from juries
  • can’t require women to take maternity leave
  • girls can’t be kept off Little League teams
  • private clubs can’t exclude women
  • must pay equal monthly retirement benefits
  • can’t bar women from military colleges
34
Q

Permitted actions resulting from Supreme Court decisions that bar distinction based on gender (4)

A
  • all boy and all girls schools
  • give widows a property tax exemption not given to widowers
  • prohibits women from working at an all male prison
  • hospital can bar fathers from delivery room
35
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

banned job discrimination based on gender

36
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Act

A

prohibited gender discrimination within the job force

37
Q

Omnibus Education Act of 1972

A

allowed equal access to sports for boys and girls

38
Q

Sunshine Act

A

many gov’t meeting open to the public

39
Q

4th Amendment

A

prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause

40
Q

5th Amendment

A

no person be required to testify against himself or herself in a criminal case and that no person be subjected to a second trial for an offense for which he or she has been duly tried previously

American Government (12th Grade) (22 decks)

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