Chapter 13

Question 1

Freedom of Religion (5)

Answer 1

• gov’t can’t make laws interfering with free exercise of religion
• people can worship as they please
• no prayer in public schools
• banned polygamy
• can’t force prayer upon others

Question 2

pure speech

Answer 2

may be delivered calmly in the privacy of one’s home or passionately in front of a crowd

Question 3

symbolic speech

Answer 3

involves using actions and symbols, in addition or instead of words, to express opinions

Question 4

seditious speech

Answer 4

any speech urging resistance to lawful authority or advocating to overthrow the government

Question 5

bad tendency doctrine

Answer 5

speech could be restricted even if it had only a tendency to lead to illegal action

Question 6

preferred position doctrine

Answer 6

holds that 1st Amendment freedoms are more fundamental than other freedoms because they provide the basis of all liberties

Question 7

Smith Act

Answer 7

made it a crime to advocate revolution

Question 8

Espionage Act of 1917

Answer 8

made it a crime to willfully utter, print, write, or publish anything disloyal or abusive about the government

Question 9

defamatory speech

Answer 9

false speech that damages a person’s good name, character, or reputation

Question 10

slander

Answer 10

spoken defamatory speech

Question 11

libel

Answer 11

written defamatory speech

Question 12

“fighting words”

Answer 12

words that are so insulting that they provoke immediate violence

Question 13

prior restraint

Answer 13

censorship of info before it’s published

Question 14

gag order

Answer 14

order by a judge barring the press from publishing certain types of info about a pending court case

Question 15

shield laws

Answer 15

laws that give reporters some means of protection against being forced to disclose confidential info or sources in state courts

Question 16

obscenity

Answer 16

society has the right to protection from obscene speech, pictures, and written material

Question 17

advertising

Answer 17

speech that has profit motive

Question 18

picketing

Answer 18

patrolling an establishment to convince workers and the public not to enter it

Question 19

heckler’s veto

Answer 19

public vetoes the free speech and assembly rights of unpopular groups by claiming demonstrations will result in violence

Question 20

incorporation

Answer 20

a process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local governments

Question 21

establishment clause

Answer 21

prohibits Congress to establish a religion