Chapter 13: Social Behavior

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

how peoples’ thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others

Question 2

personal perception

Answer 2

forming impressions of others

Question 3

stereotypes

Answer 3

beliefs that people have certain characteristics because they belong to a certain group

Question 4

illusory corellation

Answer 4

people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they actually have

Question 5

ingroup

Answer 5

group that on belongs to

Question 6

outgroup

Answer 6

group that one does not belong to

Question 7

attributitons

Answer 7

inferences about causes of events, others’ behavior and their own behavior

Question 8

internal attributions

Answer 8

personal dispositions, traits, abilities and feelings that cause behavior

Question 9

external attributions

Answer 9

situational demands and environmental constraints cause behavior

Question 10

fundamental attribution error

Answer 10

observers tend to use internal attributions to explain others’ behavior

Question 11

defensive attribution

Answer 11

blaming victims for their own misfortune

Question 12

interpersonal attraction

Answer 12

positive feelings toward another

Question 13

matching hypothesis

Answer 13

people select partners of equal physical attractiveness

Question 14

passionate love

Answer 14

complete absorption in another
tender sexual feelings
agony/ecstasy of intense emotion

Question 15

companionate love

Answer 15

warm, trusting, tolerant affection

Question 16

attitudes

Answer 16

positive or negative evaluations, may have these components:

cognitive: beliefs people hold
affective: emotional feelings stimulated
behavioral: predispositions to act in a certain way

Question 17

explicit attitudes

Answer 17

conscious, can describe

Question 18

implicit attitudes

Answer 18

expressed in subtle autonomic responses, little control

Question 19

mere exposure effect

Answer 19

repeated exposure of a stimulus makes people like it

Question 20

dissonance theory

Answer 20

inconsistency among attitudes causes attitudes to change

Question 21

learning theory

Answer 21

operant and classical conditioning, observational learning

Question 22

cognitive dissonance

Answer 22

occurs when related cognitions contradict eachother

Question 23

conformity

Answer 23

people yield to real/fake social pressure

Question 24

normative influence

Answer 24

conforming due to fear of negative social consequences

Question 25

informational influence

Answer 25

people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations

Question 26

obediance

Answer 26

following direct commands from a person of authority

Question 27

social roles

Answer 27

widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave

Question 28

bystander effect

Answer 28

people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone

Question 29

social loafing

Answer 29

putting forth less effort when working in a group than when alone

Question 30

group polarization

Answer 30

discussion strengthens dominant point of view leading to more extreme decision

Question 31

groupthink

Answer 31

concurrence is emphasized over critical thinking, leads to poor decisions

Question 32

group cohesiveness

Answer 32

strength of relationships linking group members

Question 33

social identity perspective

Answer 33

self-esteem depends on personal and social identities

Question 34

foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 34

getting people to a small request before a larger one

Question 35

reciprocity norm

Answer 35

rule that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others

Question 36

lowball technique

Answer 36

getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing hidden costs