Chapter 13: Social Behavior Flashcards
social psychology
how peoples’ thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others
personal perception
forming impressions of others
stereotypes
beliefs that people have certain characteristics because they belong to a certain group
illusory corellation
people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they actually have
ingroup
group that on belongs to
outgroup
group that one does not belong to
attributitons
inferences about causes of events, others’ behavior and their own behavior
internal attributions
personal dispositions, traits, abilities and feelings that cause behavior
external attributions
situational demands and environmental constraints cause behavior
fundamental attribution error
observers tend to use internal attributions to explain others’ behavior
defensive attribution
blaming victims for their own misfortune
interpersonal attraction
positive feelings toward another
matching hypothesis
people select partners of equal physical attractiveness
passionate love
complete absorption in another
tender sexual feelings
agony/ecstasy of intense emotion
companionate love
warm, trusting, tolerant affection
attitudes
positive or negative evaluations, may have these components:
cognitive: beliefs people hold
affective: emotional feelings stimulated
behavioral: predispositions to act in a certain way
explicit attitudes
conscious, can describe
implicit attitudes
expressed in subtle autonomic responses, little control
mere exposure effect
repeated exposure of a stimulus makes people like it
dissonance theory
inconsistency among attitudes causes attitudes to change
learning theory
operant and classical conditioning, observational learning
cognitive dissonance
occurs when related cognitions contradict eachother
conformity
people yield to real/fake social pressure
normative influence
conforming due to fear of negative social consequences
informational influence
people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations
obediance
following direct commands from a person of authority
social roles
widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave
bystander effect
people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
social loafing
putting forth less effort when working in a group than when alone
group polarization
discussion strengthens dominant point of view leading to more extreme decision
groupthink
concurrence is emphasized over critical thinking, leads to poor decisions
group cohesiveness
strength of relationships linking group members
social identity perspective
self-esteem depends on personal and social identities
foot-in-the-door technique
getting people to a small request before a larger one
reciprocity norm
rule that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others
lowball technique
getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing hidden costs
