Chapter 1

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

the science that studies behavior and the processes that underly it, and the application of this science to solving problems

Question 2

psychology’s intellectual parents

Answer 2

philosophy and physiology

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

1832-1920

Answer 3

first to conduct psychological research, focused on conscious experience,

Question 4

G.Stanley Hall

1846-1924

Answer 4

launched first psych journal and lab, driving force behind formation of APA

Question 5

Edward Tichener

Answer 5

father of structuralism

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related, introspection, vision hearing touch

Question 7

introspection

Answer 7

the careful, systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience

Question 8

William James

1842-1910

Answer 8

father of functionalism, published Principles of Psychology, natural selection, stream of consciousness

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

1856-1939

Answer 10

psychoanalytic theory, discovered unconscious mind

Question 11

unconscious

Answer 11

contains memories, thoughts and desires that influence behavior

Question 12

psychoanalytic psych

Answer 12

explains personality, motivation and mental disorders using unconscious

Question 13

John B. Watson

Answer 13

founded behaviorism, nature over nurture

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

psychology should only study observable behavior, stimulus-response psychology

Question 15

Behavior

Answer 15

any observable response or activity by an organism

Question 16

B.F.Skinner

1904-1990

Answer 16

returned study to behaviorism, unconscious existed but wasn’t important to study, free will is an illusion, respond to positive/negative stimuli

Question 17

Humanistic psych

Answer 17

theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially freedom and potential for personal growth, optimistic, no animal study, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 18

applied psychology

Answer 18

concerned with everyday practical problems

Question 19

Cognitive psych

Answer 19

the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, the ways people think influence actions

Question 20

Biological/neuroscience

Answer 20

Olds, Sperry, Hubel, Wiesel

Functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes

Question 21

Evolutionary psych

Answer 21

examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Question 22

Positive psych

Answer 22

uses theory and research to better understand positive, adaptive, creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence,
Seligman

Question 23

psychiatry

Answer 23

branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Question 24

empiricism

Answer 24

the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation , psych is